Puthoff Lecture 4 - Eye Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Puthoff Lecture 4 - Eye Deck (36)
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1
Q

What is the most common cause of irreversible visual loss in the United States?

A

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD)

2
Q

What are Pleomorphic adenomas of the lacrimal gland?

A

Encapsulated tumor of the orbit

3
Q

What tumor may present clinically like idiopathic orbital inflammation?

A

Metastatic prostatic carcinoma

4
Q

What is the most common malignancy of the eyelid?

What must you do?

Metastasizes yes or no?

A

Basal cell carcinoma

Excise it

Almost never

5
Q

A diffusely thickened eyelid suggests what pathology?

A

Sebaceous carcinoma

6
Q

What is the most common cause of blindness world-wide?

What else can it cause?

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

Conjunctival scarring

7
Q

What are the risk factors for pinguecula and Pterygium?

How do they grow on the eye?

Which one crosses the cornea?

A

Sun/UV exposure (surfer’s eye), male in 20s-40s

Nasal eye to lateral

Pterygium

8
Q

What classically causes blue sclera?

A

Osteogenesis imperfecta

9
Q

Necrotizing scleritis occurs in what disease?

A

R.A.

10
Q

What makes up the major refractive surface of the eye?

A

Cornea and overlying tear film

11
Q

What is well-known to cause ulcerative keratitis?

A

Herpes

12
Q

What is calcific band keratopathy characterized by?

A

Deposition of calcium in the Bowman layer

13
Q

What does Actinic band keratopathy develop from?

A

Chronic exposure to high levels of UV light

14
Q

Progressive thinning and ectatic of the cornea without evidence of inflammation or vascularization is called what?

A

Keratoconus

15
Q

Keratoconus is associated with what?

A

Down syndrome, Marfan syndrome, atopic disorders

16
Q

What develops from loss of endothelial cells and the resulting edema and thickening of the stroma?

A

Fuchs Endothelial Dystrophy

17
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of Fuchs endothelial dystrophy?

Indication for what?

A

Stromal edema and bullous keratopathy

Corneal transplant

18
Q

What are deposits which generate discrete opacities in the cornea that may eventually compromise vision?

Mutation of what?

A

Stromal dystrophies

TGFB1

19
Q

What are the RFs for cataracts?

A
Old age
Smoking
Sun 
DM
Wilson's
Galactosemia
Atopic dermatitis
20
Q

Prolonged use of steroids (corticosteroids) as in asthma puts you at risk for what?

A

Secondary Glaucoma

21
Q

What is this describing? Peripheral zone of the iris adheres to the trabecular meshwork and physically impedes the egress of aqueous humor from the eye

A

Angle-closure glaucoma

22
Q

What is this describing? Aqueous humor has complete access to meshwork, but here is increased resistance to aqueous outflow

A

Open-angle glaucoma

23
Q

What is described by inflammation of the interior of the eye that extends into the uvea and sclera?

A

Panophthalmitis

24
Q

What describes inflammation of the interior of the eye involving the vitreous humor

A

Endophthalmitis

25
Q

Who makes up the uvea?

What is highly vascularized?

A

Iris, choroid, ciliary body

Choroid

26
Q

What is the most common intraocular malignancy of adults?

A

Metastasis to the uvea (choroid)

27
Q

What is the most common primary intraocular malignancy of adults?

How does it disseminate and where 1st?

A

Uveal melanoma

Hematogenously to the liver

28
Q

Wet AMD is due to what?

Risk factors?

A

Neovascularization

Smoking and intense light exposure

29
Q

retinitis pigmentosa affects what?

Causes what?

A

Rods/cones or RPE

Visual impairment -> blindness

30
Q

What major infectious agents cause retinitis?

A

Candida

CMV in AIDS Pts

31
Q

What is the most common primary intraocular malignancy of children?

A

Retinoblastoma

32
Q

Retinal lymphoma is an aggressive tumor that involves what?
What kind?

Spreads where and how?

A

Neurosensory retina and RPE
Large B cell lymphomas

To the brain via optic nerve

33
Q

What is retinal hemangioblastomas associated with?

A

VHL syndrome

34
Q

Swelling of the optic nerve head in elevated intracranial pressure is bilateral and termed what?

A

Papilledema

NO LP
Usually no visual loss

35
Q

What are causes of optic neuropathies?

A

Leber
Nutritional deficiency
Methanol

36
Q

What is a major cause of optic neuritis?

A

M.S.