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PWAD489 > PWAD 489 Final > Flashcards

PWAD 489 Final Flashcards

1
Q

First three words of iliad

A

Menin aeide thea

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2
Q

First seven lines of the Illiad

A

Sing, goddes, the anger of Peleus’ son Achilleus
and its devastation, which put pains thousandfold upon the Achaians,
hurled in their multitudes to the house of Hades strong souls
of heroes, but gave their bodies to be the delicate feasting
of dogs, of all birds, and the will of Zeus was accomplished
since that time when first their stood in division of conflict
Atreus; son the lord of men and brilliant Achilleus

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3
Q

Book 1 of the Iliad

A

The poet invokes a muse
the Achaeans sack a Trojan-allied town
Agamemnon takes Chryseis as his prize, and Achilles claims Briseis.
Chryses, Chryseis’s father and a priest of Apollo, begs for her return, but Agamemnon refuses.
Apollo sends a plague upon the Greek camp in retaliation, causing many deaths.
After ten days, Achilles calls for a soothsayer, Calchas, who reveals the cause of the plague as Apollo’s vengeance.
Agamemnon demands Briseis as compensation for returning Chryseis.
Athena intervenes to prevent a duel between Achilles and Agamemnon.
Agamemnon returns Chryseis to her father and sends heralds to take Briseis from Achilles’ tent.
Achilles prays to his mother, Thetis, to ask Zeus to punish the Achaeans.
Thetis promises to appeal to Zeus.
Odysseus returns Chryseis to her father and makes sacrifices to Apollo, ending the plague.
Achilles refuses to participate in battle due to his feud with Agamemnon.
Thetis appeals to Zeus again after twelve days, who reluctantly agrees to aid the Trojans.
Hera becomes angry but is persuaded by Hephaestus not to incite conflict among the gods.

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4
Q

Achilles and agamemnon

A

achaeans

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5
Q

Apollo

A

Greek god of the sun. he sends a plagues upon the greek camp when chryses (a trojan priest of his) prays to him

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6
Q

Calchas

A

A powerful seer among the Greeks who reveals to achilles the cause of the plague sent by Apollo

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7
Q

Athena

A

goddess of wisdom, warfare, and strategy, who intervenes to prevent a duel between Achilles and Agamemnon.

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8
Q

Hera

A

wife of Zeus, and patroness of the Greeks,

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9
Q

Nestor

A

An elderly and wise advisor among the Greeks

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10
Q

Thetis

A

mother of Achilles, who intercedes on her son’s behalf with Zeus to punish the Greeks for Agamemnon’s actions.

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11
Q

what does nestor do in book 1 of the iliad

A

Nestor provides counsel and wisdom during the assembly where Agamemnon and Achilles quarrel over the distribution of spoils.

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12
Q

what does thetis do

A

When Achilles feels aggrieved by Agamemnon’s actions and decides to withdraw from the battle, Thetis appeals to Zeus to punish the Greeks for Agamemnon’s behavior

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13
Q

What happens in book 22 of the Iliad

A

Hector, the last Trojan outside Troy, feels ashamed to retreat after giving overconfident orders the previous night.
Priam urges Hector to come inside, but Hector refuses.
Achilles returns from chasing Apollo, and Hector confronts him, considering negotiation but realizing the futility.
Hector flees with Achilles in pursuit, circling the city walls three times.
Zeus considers saving Hector, but Athena persuades him otherwise.
Athena, disguised as Deiphobus, convinces Hector to confront Achilles.
Hector and Achilles exchange spear throws.
Hector realizes the gods have betrayed him.
Hector charges Achilles wearing Achilles’ old armor.
Achilles, knowing the armor’s weak points, fatally wounds Hector.
Hector begs Achilles to return his body to the Trojans for burial.
Achilles refuses, opting to let scavenger birds and dogs maul Hector’s body.
Achilles ties Hector’s body to his chariot and drags it through the dirt.
Priam, Hecuba, and Andromache witness the scene from the city walls and mourn Hector’s death.

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14
Q

king priam

A

King Priam is the last king of Troy during the Trojan War and the father of Hector and Paris

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15
Q

Athena in disguise

A

Deiphobus

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16
Q

Andromache

A

wife of hector

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17
Q

who is hector and andromache’s son?

A

Astyanax

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18
Q

who is hecuba

A

wife of King Priam of Troy, father of paris and hector

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19
Q

cassandra

A

daughter of King Priam and Queen Hecuba of Troy. she often makes prophecies about the future which are ignored

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20
Q

leda and the swan

A

leda is raped by zeus in the form of a swan. She births two children and lays two eggs. One of the children is Helen of Troy.

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21
Q

what happens to astyanax

A

Achilles throws Astyanax from the walls of Troy,

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22
Q

how does achilles die

A

Achilles is killed during the Trojan War by Paris, the prince of Troy. Paris shoots Achilles with an arrow, aiming for his vulnerable heel—the only part of his body not invulnerable due to his mother Thetis dipping him in the River Styx as a baby. This act fulfills the prophecy of Achilles’ death, marking the end of the hero’s life and the culmination of his role in the Trojan War.

23
Q

Patroclus

A

fights alongside Achilles for the Greeks until Achilles refuses to fight, and then takes Achilles’ armor and helmet into battle. Patroclus tricks the troops into thinking Achilles has returned to lead them, and goes on a killing spree, attempting to take the walls of Troy four times. However, Apollo stops him each time, and he is eventually killed by Hector. Patroclus’s death convinces Achilles to fight again for the Greeks.

24
Q

who is menelaus

A

husband of helen. engages in single combat with Paris, the abductor of Helen, during a truce in the Trojan War

25
Q

who is ajax

A

cousin of Achilles. fights hector in single combat

26
Q

who is paris

A

prince of Troy and the son of King Priam and Queen Hecuba. He is also known as Alexander. starts trojan war by taking helen

27
Q

who is Peleus

A

father of achilles husband of thetis

28
Q

iliad language

A

ancient greek

29
Q

The first three lines of Beowulf in Old English

A

Hwæt we gardena in geardagum

þeodcyninga þrym gefrunon

hu ða æþelingas ellen fremedon!

30
Q

sigmund digression of beowulf

A

In Beowulf, the Sigemund digression occurs after Beowulf defeats Grendel and while he is returning to Heorot. A thane recites a song that tells the story of Sigemund, a cultural hero who became famous for killing a dragon and gaining possession of its treasure hoard.

30
Q

translate first three lines of beowulf

A

so! the Spear-Danes in days of yore

We have learned of the glory of those great kings,

how those princes what was daring

30
Q

who might be the scop

A

unferth?

31
Q

finn fragment

A

Hildeburh, Hnæf’s sister, was married to Finn, leader of the Frisians, in an effort to make peace between the two tribes. She mourned for the loss of her brother, Hnæf, whose funeral pyre was shared by the son of herself and Finn. After the battle, Finn and a Hengest make a loyalty pact. Hengest is a leader among Hnæf’s surviving warriors. Hnæf’s men are to stay in Finnesburgh, for the winter. In the end, Hengest is overcome by vengeance and slaughters Finn and his men in their own mead hall. He then loots the hall and takes Hildeburh back “to her people”

32
Q

Hnaef

A

brother of hildeburh and danish warrior. dies in battle

33
Q

hildeburh

A

danish sister of hnaef. marries finn

34
Q

finn

A

frisian king marries hildeburh the dane

35
Q

hengest

A

danish warrior. makes a pact with finn the frisian but breaks it to avenge hnaef’s death

36
Q

beowulf and volsunga

A

Beowulf includes a story about Sigemund and a dragon, may be the first appearance of the Volsunga Saga.

37
Q

volsunga saga

A

King Siggeir of the Goths
Went to meet Volsung and prayed to wife his daughter signy
Signy weds king Siggeir and he becomes king
There is a feast
There is a tree
A man unknown to all men comes in and sinks his sword into the tree
Sigmund, Signy and Siggeir’s son pulls it loose
Sigmund offends Siggeir and they are attacked and ties to oak tree
Nine nights came the she-wolf of at midnight and kills the brethren one by one
On the Tenth night the she wolf does not kill Sigmund
Sigmund bites off her tongue and kills her
Some say the she-wolf was the mother of king Siggeir

38
Q

who is sigmund

A

son of signy and siggeir. pulls the sword from the tree

39
Q

who is signy

A

mother of sigmund

40
Q

who is siggeir

A

husband of signy, father of sigmund

41
Q

ingeld

A

member of the heathobards and son of king froda.

42
Q

ingeld digression

A

Having defeated the Heathobards and killing Ingeld’s father Froda, Hrothgar matches up his daughter Freawaru with Ingeld while hoping this marriage would “heal old wounds/and grievous feuds”

43
Q

Froda

A

ingelds father. killed by hrothgar the dane

44
Q

Freawaru

A

daughter of hrothgar. married to ingeld by hrothgar to heal old wounds

45
Q

anaeid

A

Virgil opens the epic poem “Aeneid” by invoking a muse and introducing the subject of warfare and a man at war, Aeneas.
Aeneas, a Trojan prince, is fleeing the ruins of Troy with his people, seeking a new home in Italy, but they face challenges from the vengeful Juno, who harbors anger toward Aeneas and his descendants.
Juno’s grudge against Troy stems from Paris’s judgment favoring Venus over her in a beauty contest.
Juno enlists Aeolus to unleash a storm on Aeneas’s fleet, but Neptune intervenes to calm the waters, allowing Aeneas’s ships to reach the coast of Libya.
Venus pleads with Jupiter to help Aeneas, and Jupiter assures her that Aeneas’s destiny is to find a home in Italy and establish a great empire.
Aeneas encounters Dido, the queen of Carthage, who welcomes him and his companions and offers them aid.
Venus disguises herself and tells Aeneas the story of Dido’s past, including her flight from Tyre and the founding of Carthage.
Aeneas and his companions are warmly received by Dido, and Cupid, disguised as Aeneas’s son, inflames Dido’s passion for Aeneas.
Dido invites Aeneas to tell his story, and she becomes enamored with him as he recounts his adventures since leaving Troy.

46
Q

judgement of paris

A

a golden apple inscribed “to the fairest one” that the goddess of discord, Eris, throws into a banquet held by the gods. The goddesses Hera, Athena, and Aphrodite all claim the apple, and Zeus asks Paris, the mortal son of King Priam of Troy, to choose the fairest. Each goddess bribes Paris with a gift, and Paris chooses Aphrodite, who promises him the love of the most beautiful mortal woman, Helen of Sparta. Paris takes Helen to Troy, which leads to the Greeks invading Troy to get her back, and the Trojan War.

47
Q

peace kent

A

Peace, Kent

Come not between the dragon and his wrath.

137 I loved her most and thought to set my rest

138 On her kind nursery. (To Cordelia.) Hence and avoid

139 my sight!—

48
Q

Chapter 5: the hour of the gunboat - 5 Ws

A

Who
John bowring

What:
Wishes to revise the treaty of nanking to open more trade to Britain

why
The treaty promised the free access to canton but had so far been denied

Where:
Canton

When: 1848

49
Q

1848

A

John bowring attempt to revise the treaty of nanking

50
Q

chapter 6: a tale of two systems

A

Who: percy cradock and chris patten (hong kong’s last governor)
what :
- chris pattens unilateral reforms prompt the breakdown of sino-british relations

why: cradock and patten
publicly blamed each other during the final years of British administration of Hong Kong.

where: hong kong

when : June 1997

51
Q

Chapter 4 - Heaven is high, the emperor distant

A

Who
- Viscount George MaCartney

What:
- 3 ships filled with goods to china
- fail to kowtow (subservience) and the Chinese take offence
- The mission failed

Where:
- Portsmouth harbour

Why:
- open up china to British trade
When:
- 1792

52
Q

what has ingeld got to do with christ?

A

797, Alcuin wrote a letter to a Bishop questioning the monks’ interest in heroic legends with: What has Ingeld to do with Christ?

PWAD489 (5 decks)

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