PYELONEPHRITIS

Question 1

❖ It is a bacterial infection of the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys

Answer 1

PYELONEPHRITIS

Question 2

→ It is an ___ urinary tract infection.

→ It is caused by a bacterium from a bladder infection that can ____.

Answer 2

upper

ascend into the kidneys

Question 3

▪ Potential causes are:

Answer 3

bladder or prostate tumors
strictures
BPH
urinary stones

Question 4

→ This is a sudden and severe bacterial infection of the kidneys.

▪ It develops rapidly and can be intense but is usually short-lived if treated promptly.

▪ Abscesses may be noted on or within the renal capsule and at the corticomedullary junction.

Answer 4

❖ ACUTE PYELONEPHRITIS

Question 5

→ Medical Management
❖ ACUTE PYELONEPHRITIS

Answer 5

▪ After the initial antibiotic regimen, the patient may need antibiotic therapy for up to 6 weeks if a relapse occurs.

▪ A follow-up urine culture is obtained 2 weeks after completion of antibiotic therapy.

▪ Increased fluid intake to facilitate flushing or the urinary tract and reduces pain.

Question 6

→ This is a long-term condition characterized by repeated or persistent kidney infections or inflammation.

▪ Patient may need Renal Replacement Therapy such as transplantation or dialysis

Answer 6

❖ CHRONIC PYELONEPHRITIS

Question 7

→ Medical Management
❖ CHRONIC PYELONEPHRITIS

Question 8

ACUTE
→ Clinical Manifestations:

Answer 8

▪ Chills, fever, leukocytosis, bacteriuria, and pyuria; Low back pain, flank pain, nausea and vomiting, headache, malaise, and painful urination; Urgency and Frequency.

Question 9

CHRONIC
→ Clinical Manifestations:

Answer 9

▪ Usually has no symptoms of infection unless an acute exacerbation occurs.
▪ Fatigue, headache, poor appetite, polyuria, excessive thirst, and weight loss.
▪ It can lead to kidney damage over time because it causes scarring, contracted, and nonfunctioning kidneys

Question 10

CHRONIC
→ Complications:

Answer 10

▪ End-Stage Kidney Disease
▪ Hypertension
▪ Renal Calculi

Question 11

CHRONIC
→ Medical Management:

Answer 11

▪ Long-term use of prophylactic antimicrobial therapy to limit recurrence of infections and kidney scarring

Question 12

CHRONIC
→ Nursing Management:

Answer 12

▪ Monitor and measure fluid intake and output, unless contraindicated.
▪ Encourage patient to increase fluid intake of 3 to 4 L to dilute the urine, decrease burning urination, and prevent dehydration.
▪ Assess the temperature every 4 hours and administer antipyretic and antibiotic agents as prescribed.
▪ Educate the patient to consume adequate fluids, emptying the bladder regularly, and performing recommended perineal hygiene