Pyoderma, Fungal Skin Diseases, Normergic Dermatitis Flashcards
Pyoderma types
- Surface pyoderma (epidermis)
- Superficial pyoderma (follicle involvement)
- Deep pyoderma (deep dermis)
Pyoderma causes
🔺Usually caused by: - coagulase positive staphylococci: * Staphylococcus pseudintermedius * Staphylococcus aureus * Staphylococcus schleiferi - coagulase negative staphylococci - micrococci 🔺Less frequently by: - alpha-hemolysing streptococci - Gram negative rods: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris, Escherichia coli
Surface pyoderma - form, treatment, cause
- form: hot spot/intertrigo
- ab: topical
- underlying disease: Flea Allergic Dermatitis (FAD), skin folds (humid)
Superficial pyoderma - form, treatment, cause
- form: impetigo, supf. folliculitis
- -> most common form
- ab: topical may be enough in mild cases + systemic treatment may be necessary aswell, 3 weeks cephalexin (no sens test needed - if unresponsive -> sensitivity test) (we treat until clinical cure, then an additional week)
- underlying disease: atopic dermatitis (AD) and FA food allergy
Deep pyoderma - form, treatment, cause
- form: furunculosis cellulitis (the deeper layers of the skin or even underlying tissues affected. Associated with general signs aswell (bacteremia). Bloody pus may be seen)
- ab: topical + systemic - sensitivity test is required!!) we treat until clinical cure, then an additional 2-3w.
- underlying disease: demodicosis
Acute moist dermatitis, pyotraumatic dermatitis, hot spot - cause, treatment
A type of surface pyo - Involves the superficial horny layer (str. corneum)
🔺 any (long haired) breeds + hot, humid weather
🔺 self trauma perpetuates the problem: (itch-lick-chew cycle)
🔺 lesions develop rapidly
🔺 several underlying causes (e.g. flea, otitis, paraproctitis, neurosis)
🔺 Treatment: eliminate the underlying cause!
+ clipping, shampoos (disinfacting, drying) short term CS + antibiotics topically
(parenterally)
–> This is the only type where we can use cortison short term to stop the itching and licking!
Skin fold pyoderma (intertrigo) - cause, treatment
(Surface pyo type) 🔺 anatomical „defects”: warm+humid + dark microenvironment + self-trauma 🔺 Types: - lip fold: c. spaniels - facial fold: brachycephalic breeds - vulvar fold pyoderma: obese, too early spayed bitches (small vulva in tucked up position) - tail fold pyoderma: corkscrew tail - body fold pyoderma - generalized: shar-pei 🔺 Treatment: plastic surgary or everyday cleansing by disinfectant, drying powder, solutions, suspensions, shampoos (benzoil-peroxid)
Impetigo
A type of supf pyo. Aka juvenile pustular dermatitis, puppy pyoderma, nonfollicular pustule.
* subcorneal (beneath str corneum) pyoderma: on the face, ventral abdomen, and axilla pustules, papules, and yellow crusts
* young puppies prior to puberty
* may be asymptomatic
* underlying problems: ectoparasites, endoparasites
poor nutrition, unhygienic environment
* Treatment: treat the underlying cause,
+ antibacterial shampoos (ethyl-lactate, chlorhexidine,(benzoyl peroxide) in every 2-4 days
for 2 weeks, then +/- antibiotics (but NO Corticosteroids!!! May cause skin atrophy according to source)
Superficial folliculitis
A type of supf pyo.
- bacterial infection at the level of the intact hair follicle or at the epidermis immediately below the str. corneum
- any age, but more common in young dogs
- variable lesions: papules, pustules with hair protruding, crusts, epidermal collarettes(similar to ringwork, pemphigus 1st phase), “moth-eaten” alopecia +/- pruritus
- IT IS ALWAYS SECONDARY PROBLEM (atopy, FA, parasites, endocrine disorders, immunosuppression, etc.)
- Treatment: underlying cause, antibacterial drugs for min 3 weeks systematicly, + topically (but NO Corticosteroids!!! Suppr. Immune system)
Deep pyoderma - definition, cause
Bacterial infection of the skin beneath the hair follicle involving both dermal and subcuticular tissues, leading to rupture of the follicle and development of furunculosis (deep infection of the hair follicle leading to abscess formation) and cellulitis(inflamm of deeper layers).
- Staphylococcus pseudintermedius +/- other bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris, Escherichia coli)
+ underlying cause ALWAYS present (demodicosis!!!, foreign body, dermatophyte/ringworm infection, endocrine disorder, immunodeficiency, CSs)
muzzle, chin folliculitis and furunculosis (canine acne)
A type of deep pyoderma.
- Great danes, boxers, Dobermann, Hungarian Vizsla
- Treatment: systemic antibacterial drugs + topical
(Demodicosis!! 2-3m ab)
nasal pyoderma
A type of deep pyo.
- dolichocephalic breeds (long nose) german shepard eg.
- Treatment: antibiotica 6+x+2weeks, Elisabethan collar
(6w or until treated then additionally 2w?)
Eg. Case: trauma, typically short haired dog. Ointment treatment may be enough.
Necrotizing dermatitis
Eg. Here caused by deep pyo - streptococcus infection. Full recovery after AB treatment!
(Neck skin gone)
Interdigital pyoderma (pododermatitis)
🔺short coated breeds
🔺Underlying factors: e.g.: foreign body, Demodex, atopy, trauma
🔺Clinical signs: The feet may be swollen, painful, discharged pus, alopecia due to licking, paronychia;
In chronic cases: nodules, ulceration, fistulae, furunculosis
🔺Treatment: treat the underlying cause, surgical drainage, bathing the feet in saline, systemic antibact. therapy autogenous vaccines, immunestim. (?) e.g. levamisole
Pressure point pyoderma (callus pyoderma)
A type of deep pyo.
🔺Occurrence: large breed dogs: elbows, hocks, sternum
🔺The skin thickens, then if repeated trauma: deep pyoderma
🔺Treatment: antibacterial drugs, + check for underlying problems (soft bed - trauma)
