Pysch Flashcards

Question

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

Answer 1

Least Important to Most Self-Actualization (Pursue Talent, Creativity, Fulfillment) Self-Esteem (Achievement, Mastery, Recognition) Belonging (Friends, Family, Community) Safety (Security, shelter) Physiological (Food, Water, Warmth)

Answer 2

deontological, revolving entirely around duty rather than emotions or end goals

Answer 3

Utilitarianism promotes "the greatest amount of good for the greatest number of people."

Answer 4

it is possible for humans to know and recognize truth and moral good through the application of both reason and revelation.

Answer 5

believes that our civil laws should be based on morality, ethics, and what is inherently correct.

Answer 6

claims that I morally ought to perform some action if and only if, and because, performing that action maximizes my self-interest.

Answer 7

providing adequate information to allow patients to make their own decisions based on their beliefs and values, even if they aren't the ones the nurse chooses.

Answer 8

an act of charity, mercy, and kindness with a strong connotation of doing good to others including moral obligation.

Answer 9

a core principle of medical ethics stating that a physician has a duty to 'do no harm' to a patient.

Answer 10

impartiality regarding a patient's age, ethnicity, economic status, religion, or sexual orientation.

Answer 11

requires nurses to provide honest and accurate information, even if the news is difficult for patients to hear.

Answer 12

a safe, structured, group treatment method for mental health issues.

Answer 13

Rapport Trust Respect Genuineness Empathy

Answer 14

S-sit squarely, face the patient O-open posture L-lean forward E-eye contact R-relax

Answer 15

Prevention De-escalation Reduction in stimuli

Answer 16

*Psychosis: set of symptoms evidencing disorganization in mental processes *Symptoms reflect behavior, emotional response, and thought processes of the person who has lost contact with reality: Perceptual disturbances Disorganized thinking Behavior alterations *Tends to withdraw from society into own unreal world

Answer 17

false sensory perceptions, unrelated to reality and unsupported by actual environmental stimuli Visual (seeing) Auditory (hearing) Olfactory (smelling) Tactile (feeling) Gustatory (tasting)

Answer 18

sensory stimuli misinterpreted

Answer 19

fixed, false ideas or beliefs without appropriate external stimuli which are inconsistent with reality and cannot be changed by reasoning Depressive Somatic Grandiose Persecution Delusions of reference Thought: broadcasting; insertion; withdrawal

Answer 20

Loose association or derailment Alogia (poverty of speech) Word salad Neologisms (new words) Clang associations

Answer 21

Decreased reaction to surroundings

Answer 22

Remains in one position until someone changes it

Answer 23

*Positive symptoms Acute symptoms (evidenced early in disease) Alterations in thinking Alterations in perception Alterations in behaviors *Negative symptoms: develop slowly over time Affect Avolition Anergia Anhedonia Common: substance abuse, suicide, violence Depression with suicidal end

Answer 24

prominent hallucinations, delusions

Answer 25

disorganized/unintelligible speech, bizarre behavior, flat affect

Answer 26

severe decrease in motor activity, responsiveness to environment

Answer 27

experience depressed mood/loss of interest in activities most of each day for 2 weeks; single or recurrent episodes

Answer 28

recurrent state of depression ≥2 years Common signs and symptoms: lifetime struggle with depression symptoms

Answer 29

brain dysfunction causing abnormal, erratic shifts in mood, energy, and functional ability; possible genetic factor Episode ranges: labile High manic (euphoria, high energy) to low depressive periods Frequency of mood swings: unpredictable; variable (from person to person) Severity of symptoms: mild to severe Bipolar II/cyclothymic disorder Episodic severity, duration

Answer 30

chronic mood disturbance with fluctuating periods of hypomanic symptoms + periods of depression

Answer 31

*Drug of choice: mood-stabilizing agents Alone or in combination with selected antipsychotics Used in conjunction with psychotherapy *Specific medications Lithium carbonate: effective on mania; not on lows Serum level measurement + clinical response Anticonvulsants

Answer 32

Characterized by chronic, unrealistic, and excessive anxiety and worry which have occurred on more days than not for at least 6 months and cannot be contributed to specific organic factors (substances, medications, medical conditions such as hyperthyroidism) Symptoms are intense enough to cause clinically significant impairment in social, occupational, or other areas of living.

Answer 33

Characterized by recurrent panic attacks, the onset of which are unpredictable and manifested by intense apprehension, fear, or terror, often associated with feelings of impending doom and accompanied by intense physical discomfort May or may not be accompanied by agoraphobia Symptoms of panic attack: Sweating, trembling, shaking Shortness of breath, chest pain or discomfort Nausea or abdominal distress Dizziness, chills, or hot flashes Numbness or tingling sensations Derealization or depersonalization Fear of losing control or “going crazy” Fear of dying

Answer 34

“fear of the market place”

Answer 35

May be associated with intoxication or withdrawal from any of the following substances: Alcohol sedatives hypnotics anxiolytics Amphetamines or cocaine Hallucinogens Caffeine Cannabis Others

Answer 36

Recurrent obsessions or compulsions (or both) that are severe enough to be time-consuming or to cause marked distress or significant impairment

Answer 37

Characterized by the exaggerated belief that the body is deformed or defective in some specific way

Answer 38

The recurrent pulling out of one’s own hair that results in noticeable hair loss

Answer 39

A reaction to an extreme trauma, which is likely to cause pervasive distress to almost anyone, such as natural or man-made disasters, combat, serious accidents, witnessing the violent death of others, being the victim of torture, terrorism, rape, or other crimes

Answer 40

Similar to PTSD in terms of precipitating traumatic events and symptomatology Symptoms: are time limited- up to 1 month following the trauma.

Answer 41

Characterized by: multiple somatic symptoms that cannot be explained medically and is associated with psychosocial distress and long-term seeking of assistance from health-care professionals

Answer 42

Unrealistic or inaccurate interpretation of physical symptoms or sensations, leading to preoccupation and fear of having a serious disease

Answer 43

A loss of or change in voluntary motor or sensory function that cannot be explained by any known medical disorder or pathophysiological mechanism.

Answer 44

Conscious, intentional feigning of physical and/or psychological symptoms. Individual pretends to be ill to receive emotional care and support commonly associated with the role of “patient.”

Answer 45

*Cluster A: The odd, eccentric, cluster Includes: Paranoid Personality Disorder, Schiziod Personality Disorder, Schizotypical Disorder Cluster B: The Dramatic, unpredicable cluster Includes: Antiosocial Personality Disorder, Borderline Personality Disorder, Histrionic Personality Disorder, Narcissistic Personality Disorder *Cluster C: The Anxious, Fearful Cluster Includes: Aviodant Personality Disorder, Dependent Personality Disorder, Obsessive-compulsive Personality Disorder.

Answer 46

These patients are constantly on guard, hypervigilant, tense and irritable. They are insensitive to other’s feelings and avoid interactions with other people. They feel that others are trying to take advantage of them. They do not trust anybody and are constantly testing the honesty of others. They attribute their shortcomings to others and do not take responsibility for their own actions.

Answer 47

People with schizoid personality disorder often times appear cold and indifferent towards others. They spend their time doing solitary activities or engaging with animals more than people. When in the presence of others, they appear shy or anxious. Their affect is usually constricted.

Answer 48

People with this disorder are generally cold and distant and behave in an apathetic manner. These individuals have magical thinking, ideas of reference and illusions. When under stress, these people decompensate rapidly and have psychotic symptoms – delusional thoughts, hallucinations and bizarre behaviors. These patients will laugh at their own problems or at a situation that others would consider sad.

Answer 49

People with antisocial personality disorder have a disregard for the rights of others. They manipulate others for their own personal gain. More likely to have a substance use disorder.

Answer 50

People with this disorder are impulsive and self destructive and lack a clear sense of identity.

Answer 51

People with this disorder have a hard time maintaining long-lasting relationships. They are attention-seeking and seductive. When they do not get the attention that they want, they become overly anxious.

Answer 52

People with this disorder lack empathy and are hypersensitive to the evaluation of others. They believe that they have rights to receive special treatment. Their mood is optimistic, relaxed, cheerful and carefree. Their mood is rapidly changing due to their low self esteem. They seek positive feedback and if they do not get it, they will become enraged.

Answer 53

People with this disorder are awkward and uncomfortable in social situations. Their speech is typically slow and constrained. They are often lonely and have feelings of being unwanted. They want close relationships but avoid them because of their fear of being rejected.

Answer 54

People with this disorder have an extreme reliance on others to take responsibility for them – to the point that they cannot be left alone for even brief moments of time. They allow others to mistreat and demean them. They will assume the passive and submissive role in a relationship. They avoid positions of responsibility and are very anxious when forced into them.

Answer 55

People with this disorder are overly disciplined, perfectionistic and preoccupied with the rules. They are very inflexible about the way in which things must be done. They have an intense fear of making mistakes and this leads to difficulty with making decisions.

Answer 56

*Phase one: first use User experiences “high”; regulates amount of substance and opportunities for use *Phase two: user experiences hangover effects Begins to feel guilty for behaviors during use *Phase three: dependent lifestyle begins User can no longer predict outcome; engages in compromising behaviors; loses insight *Phase four: user demonstration of dependency/addiction Periods of blackout, paranoia, helplessness

Answer 57

encephalopathy, psychosis Nutritional disease of CNS, found in alcoholics Progressive memory loss; disorientation with emotional lability and apathy; weakness; fatigue

Answer 58

profound confusion, delusion and withdrawal symptoms Anxiety, tremors, seizures, hallucinations Lasts 72 to 80 hours, 5--15% fatality rate

Answer 59

range of complex neuro-developmental disorders involving delayed development of various basic skills Communication; socializing with others Processing, understanding external input Autistic disorder: severe abnormal development of external social interaction and communication Signs and symptoms: Symptoms usually appear ≤3 y.o.; lack of language development; unresponsive to interaction; nonverbal behaviors; inflexible, consistent routines

Answer 60

Persistent pattern of inattention, hyperactivity, or impulsive behaviors; greater frequency than age-appropriate Signs and symptoms: must be present ≥6 months Continual, often destructive physical activity Low tolerance of frustration

Answer 61

intense fear of weight gain; significant self-image disturbance (DSM-5) Maintenance of subnormal weight levels for age

Answer 62

binge eating with repeated attacks, self-induced destructive methods to prevent weight gain (DSM-5); purging; nonpurging Weight typically WNL for height/age