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Pyschology Flashcards

(145 cards)

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0
Q

Who thought that studying animals might help us understand the behavior of humans?

A

Charles Darwin

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1
Q

A hypothesis is a

A

Statement of unexpected results

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2
Q

A field experiment is always

A

Conducted away from a laboratory

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3
Q

The tendency to search for information that confirms a preconception is called:

A

Confirmation bias

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4
Q

What is the most important reason for understanding research methods?

A

So you can evaluate information and make informed decisions

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5
Q

The first psychology laboratory was established in _______ by _________.

A

Germany, Wilhelm Wundt

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6
Q

Dr. Wilson attributes the actions of criminal gang members to the cultural norms and role expectations associated with gang membership. Her belief best illustrates a ________ perspective.

A

Social-culture

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7
Q

The humanistic perspective emphasizes the importance of:

A

Fulfilling one’s potential

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8
Q

A placebo is

A

Medicine with not active ingredients

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9
Q

Jean Piaget found that children at a certain age consistently made mistakes on tests that older children did not make. He believed that younger children thought differently from older children. Since Piaget studied the thought processes of children, he best represents which modern perspective?

A

Cognitive

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10
Q

If those who watch a lot of tv violence are also particularly likely to behave aggressively, this would NOT necessarily indicate that watching tv violence causes aggressive behavior because:

A

Correlation does not prove caution

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11
Q

A researcher who uses participants’ names in a paper about the results of a study violates which of the ethical principles established by the APA?

A

Confidentiality

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12
Q

Animal research can benefit animals. T or F?

A

T

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13
Q

Introspection is the process of looking into yourself. T or F?

A

T

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14
Q

The most common bias on the part of the researcher is called participants bias. T or F?

A

F

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15
Q

A sample group is a group of people who represent the general population. T or F?

A

T

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16
Q

An experiment in which neither the experiment or the subjects are aware of who is getting the placebo is called a blind study. T or F?

A

F

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17
Q

The letters APA represent American Psychological Association. T or F?

A

T

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18
Q

John Watson believed that people could be molded into whatever he wanted by the environment. T or F?

A

T

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19
Q

The applied psychologist must work closely with the research psychologists. T or F?

A

T

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20
Q

The theory of defense mechanisms comes from the ideas of Sigmund Freud. T or F?

A

T

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21
Q

Carl Rogers thought that people were basically bad. T or F?

A

F

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22
Q

The first step in an experiment is to divide the subjects into two groups, the experimental group and the control group. T or F?

A

F

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23
Q

Fixed beliefs about groups are called stereotypes. T or F?

A

T

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24
The way a question is phrased can be of importance in conducting a survey. T or F?
T
25
Who said influenced by unconscious thoughts?
Sigmund Freud
26
Wayne constantly fights with his boss because Wayne doesn't understand the boss's social background, and visa versa. What approach is this?
Sociocultural approach
27
Psychology is knowledge gained through...
Scientific study of behavior.
28
Who is considered the father of psychology?
Wilhelm Wundt
29
Carl Jung thought that all humans shared a reservoir of memories called the:
Collective unconscious
30
According to behaviorism...
Personality develops because of rewards and punishments.
31
Who thought that studying animals might help us understand the behavior of humans?
Charles Darwin
32
A field experiment is always...
Conducted away from a laboratory
33
According to Freud....
Forbidden desires are repressed.
34
Your persona is expressed when
You wear a mask in public to hide your true feelings.
35
According to Abraham Maslow, the highest need is
Self-actualization
36
Ms. Thompson believes that her son has learned to play the piano because she consistently rewards his efforts to learn with praise and affection. Her belief best illustrates a(n) _______ perspective.
Behavioral
37
Which of the following is not a characteristic of standardized tests?
Written opinions are expressed.
38
The ancient Greeks classified personalities using four types: sanguine, melancholic, choleric, and phlegmatic. This ancient method of describing personality is most likely a precursor to which modern personality perpsective?
Trait
39
The process of combining information from several theories of human nature is called...
Eclecticism
40
A projective test that involves telling stories about ambiguous pictures is the:
TAT
41
An assessment that measures or predicts what it is supposed to test is called:
Valid
42
The most common personality inventory used in schools today is the
California psychological inventory
43
Hans Eysenck said personality had two major dimensions:
Extraversion and emotional stability
44
Psychology today is placing emphasis on
All the above
45
Stress is always a bad thing. T or F?
F
46
The ego is roughly the same as the self. T or F?
T
47
An archetype is a universal human concept. T or F?
T
48
A vocational interest test is used to measure aptitude. T or F?
T
49
The specialist most likely to diagnose and teat patients is a clinical psychologist.
F
50
The letters APA represent American psychological association. T or F?
T
51
The Rorschach test is an example of an objective test. T or F?
F
52
The applied psychologist must work closely with the research psychologist.
T
53
John Watson believed that people could be molded into whatever he wanted by the environment. T or F?
T
54
Fully functioning individuals have united what they should be with what they are. T or F?
T
55
The difference between clinical psychologists and academic psychologists is clinical never do research and academic always do research. T or F?
F
56
The found of psychoanalysis was Carl Jung. T or F?
F
57
Carl Rogers believed that people were basically good. T or F?
T
58
Who is self-actualization?
Abraham Maslow
59
Who is observation and imitation?
Albert bandura
60
Who is fully functioning individual?
Carl Rogers
61
Who is collective unconscious?
Carl Jung
62
Who is reinforcements?
B. F. Skinner
63
Who is Id, ego, and superego?
Sigmund Freud
64
Traci lies to her friends because they give her a lot of attention for it. Approach?
Behavioral approach
65
Frank lies to his friends because he doesn't feel like he is worth much or not living up to his potential. Approach?
Humanistic
66
Jack becomes depressed because he keeps thinking, "No one will ever like me." Approach?
Cognitive
67
Marci becomes depressed because of hidden resentment she feels towards her parents. Approach?
Psychoanalytic
68
Wayne constantly fights with his boss because Wayne doesn't understand the boss's social background, and visa versa. Approach?
Sociocultural
69
Wilma constantly fights with Gertrude because Wilma's level of stress is high, which affects the level of stress hormones released in her body, which therefore, affects her ability to control her temper. Approach?
Biopsychological
70
Who is the origin of species?
Charles Darwin
71
Who is the first American psychologist?
William James
72
Who is disputed males bias of freuds work?
Karen horney
73
Who is thinking abilities in child development- cognitive perspective?
Jean Piaget
74
Who is inferiority complex?
Alfred Adler
75
What organ of the body is the most demanding?
Brain
76
The visual area of the brain is located...
In the back of the head
77
A bundle of nerve fibers which connect the two hemispheres together is the
Corpus callosum
78
Your ability to know the way to get from class to class is provided by the
Cerebellum
79
The part of the eye is often compared to a camera
Lens
80
These two tastes are used to detect bad food or poison
Sour and bitter
81
The pitch of sound is
How high or how low the sound is
82
According to cannon bard theory, if we see a bear we
Feel fear and run at the same time
83
Motivation is a
Drive that makes us fulfill a goal
84
Curiosity motivation is best demonstrated by
Exploring a cave
85
What conclusion did harry Harlow draw about contact comfort?
Physical contact makes monkeys feel more secure than food.
86
According to Abraham Maslow, the highest need is
Belongingness
87
According to the James Lange theory, we
React, then feel our emotions
88
A person with an eating disorder is
Unable to read his or her body signals
89
Which would be an example of the unconscious work?
Feeling depressed but not knowing exactly why.
90
Nightmares occur more often when you
Have missed REM sleep for a few days
91
A person who abuses drugs or alcohol will usually experience
Less REM time
92
Meditation is a form of
Self control
93
Incubus attacks occur during NREM states. T or F?
T
94
All species have the same circadian cycle as humans. T or F?
F
95
Birds fly south in the winter because of
Circadian rhythms
96
An infant can be born with both male and female sex organs. T or F?
T
97
Most infants acquire depth perception after age two. T or F?
F
98
The pupil of the eye increases in size when looking at something pleasant. T or F?
T
99
It is possible to have the halves of your brain disconnected and still live. T or F?
T
100
The process from receiving information from the environment is
Sensation
101
Color blindness is an inherited defect usually found in this gender.
Male
102
The key to hearing is
Hair
103
Measuring the intensity of sound is
Decibels
104
To know an object stays the same despite distance is
Size constancy
105
The most common neurotransmitter is
Acetylcholine
106
The chemical that prepares the body for emergencies is
Adrenaline
107
The speed at which the body operates is
Metabolism
108
The lobe that contains the major centers for hearing is
Temporal
109
The female hormone is
Estrogen
110
Friendship is
Belongingness
111
Thirst is
Physiological
112
Bank account is
Safety
113
Reaching one's potential is
Self-esteem
114
Respecting oneself is
Self-actualization
115
Doing something new is
Curiosity motive
116
Desire to use objects is
Manipulation motive
117
Inner satisfaction is
Intrinsic motive
118
Need for food is
Physical motive
119
External rewards are
Extrinsic motive
120
For a proper development, a zygote needs a total of
46 chromosomes from the mother and the father
121
Monozygotic twins originate from
One egg that divides into two
122
In terms of development, critical period means
A specific time when a particular skill may be learned.
123
Authoritarian parents...
Use more physical punishment with their children
124
During the conventional level, children feel
Behavior should be based on the social order
125
Differences between boys and girls in the level of physical maturation is greatest during
Early adolescence
126
Bulimia nervous is
All of the above
127
The most important psychological issue facing adolescents is
Achieving a sense of identity
128
A teen in an identity confusion state would have
A lot of anxieties and insecurities
129
Children at the postconventional level of mortal reasoning will regulate their behavior based on
Right or wrong
130
Which of the following is most likely to happen to both men and women from ages 35 to 45?
All of the above are likely, Stress and a sense of urgency arise Worry arises over the sameness of life Worry arises over not having accomplished enough
131
The divorce rate today is about
50%
132
When a woman experiences menopause,
Androgen becomes more dominant
133
Which of the following is the most likely cause of memory loss in older people?
The loss of chemicals used for cell communications
134
A dying person is experiencing the bargaining stage when he or she...
Asks for extra time to live
135
Gender differences in activity levels appear in infants as early as
45 hours after birth
136
Boys generally perform better on the mathematics section of the SAT because of
Environment influences from teachers and parents
137
According to numerous studies, which sex has a greater desire to achieve?
They have an equal drive to achieve.
138
Premenstrual syndrome
Is an uncomfortable period for approximately 10% of women
139
According to our society, both men and women are better off with
Masculine traits
140
The sensorimotor stage is a time of development when sensations and movement are very important. T or F?
T
141
Advanced language development is difficult to achieve beyond a certain critical period. T or F?
T
142
All children have the same maturation rate. T or F?
F
143
The child cannot quite grasp the concept of conversation yet.
Preoperational stage
144
The child is obsessed with sensations and body movement.
Sensorimotor stage

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