Q1 Biology M6 & M7

Question 1

It is a phase of the cell cycle. It is the phase that is between
each cell division. About 90% of the life of the cell is spent in this phase.

Answer 1

Interphase

Question 2

Phase where in the cell grows, and the organelles are duplicated

Answer 2

Gap 1 (G1)

Question 3

It is also in _____ that the cell
carries out normal metabolism, produce RNA, and synthesize (make) proteins.

Answer 3

Gap 1 (G1)

Question 4

The genetic material DNA is replicated or copied. At this
stage also, the centrosome is duplicated.

Answer 4

Synthesis (S) phase

Question 5

During this phase, the cell continues to grow and prepares to divide.

Answer 5

Gap 2 (G2)

Question 6

Quiescence

Answer 6

Gap Zero

Question 7

5 phases of Mitosis

Answer 7

1. Prophase
2. Metaphase
3. Anaphase
4. Telophase
5. Cytokinesis

Question 8

3 types of cells

Answer 8

1. Permanent (doesn’t divide)
2. Stable (divides when needed)
3. Labile (always divides)

Question 9

Futher condensing of the DNA happen

Answer 9

Prophase

Question 10

Chromosomes condense and are more visible

Answer 10

Prophase

Question 11

The nuclear membrane (envelope) disappears

Answer 11

Prophase

Question 12

Centrioles have seperated and taken positions on the opposite poles of the cell

Answer 12

Prophase

Question 13

Spindle fibers form and radiate toward the center

Answer 13

Prophase

Question 14

Chromosomes line up across the middle of the cell

Answer 14

Metaphase

Question 15

Spindle fibers connect the centromere of each sister chromatid to the poles of the cell

Answer 15

Metaphase

Question 16

Centromeres that join the sister chromatids split

Answer 16

Anaphase

Question 17

Sister chromatids seperate becoming individual chromosomes

Answer 17

Anaphase

Question 18

Seperated chromatids move to opposite poles of the cell

Answer 18

Anaphase

Question 19

Chromosomes (each consisting of a single chromatid) uncoil

Answer 19

Telophase

Question 20

A nuclear envelope forms around the chromosomes at each pole of the cell

Answer 20

Telophase

Question 21

Spindle fibers break down and dissolve

Answer 21

Telophase

Question 22

Cytokinesis begins

Answer 22

Telophase

Question 23

The division of the cytoplasm into two individual cells

Answer 23

Cytokinesis

Question 24

Animal Cell Telophase/Cytokinesis

Answer 24

1. Nucleolus forming
2. Cleavage furrow
3. Nuclear envelope forming

Question 25

Plant Cell Telophase/Cytokinesis

Answer 25

1. Spindle equator 2. Vesicles gathering 3. Cell plate growing 4. Two new primary walls

Question 26

Mitosis and cytokinesis produce how many genetical identical daughter cells?

Answer 26

2

Question 27

Prevent mutant cells from replicating or prevent cancer

Answer 27

Cell cycle control points

Question 28

Cyclins + Cyclin Dependent Kinasis (CDK) = ?

Answer 28

CDK Complex

Question 29

It plays important roles in the control of cell division and modulate transcription in response to several extra- and intracellular cues

Answer 29

Cyclin Dependent Kinasis (CDK)

Question 30

End phase of Gap 1

Answer 30

Gap 1 Checkpoint

Question 31

AKA restriction checkpoint, stops cell division

Answer 31

Gap 1 Checkpoint

Question 32

Pocket proteins (transcriptional repressors) of Gap 1 Checkpoint

Answer 32

1. Rb 2. p53

Question 33

Transcription factor of Gap 1 Checkpoint

Answer 33

E2F

Question 34

First way to stop the progression of G1 to S Phase

Answer 34

1. Rb will bind to E2F

Question 35

Second way to stop the progression of G1 to S Phase

Answer 35

2. p53 will stimulate p21 which will inchibit CDK. This will stimulate Rb that will bind to E2F

Question 36

___________ Phase 1. Increase in size 2. Increase energy and protein production 3. Formation of organelles

Answer 36

Synthesis Phase

Question 37

A group of enzymes that break the phosphodiester bond present within the polynucleotide chain of a DNA molecule

Answer 37

Endonuclease

Question 38

End phase of Gap 2

Answer 38

Gap 2 Checkpoint

Question 39

Repair mismatch DNA pairs

Answer 39

Gap 2 Checkpoint

Question 40

Stop cell division - TUMOR

Answer 40

Gap 2 Checkpoint

Question 41

Pocket protein repressors of Gap 2 Checkpoint

Answer 41

1. p53 2. ATM Kinases 3. chk1 4. chk2

Question 42

Signal for G2 to M phase to stop

Answer 42

p53 and ATM Kinases will stimulate chk1 & chk2

Question 43

AKA Spindle checkpoints

Answer 43

Metaphase checkpoint

Question 44

Delay the progression of Metaphase to Anaphase

Answer 44

Metaphase checkpoint

Question 45

A____P____C_____ sensors protein and controls sister chromatid segregation and the exit from mitosis by catalysing the ubiquitylation of cyclins and other cell cycle regulatory proteins

Answer 45

Anaphase-promoting complex or cyclosome (APC/C)

Question 45

This is a hydrolysis REACTION of peptide bonds in which proteins breakdown into smaller peptides and/or into individual amino acid residues

Answer 45

Proteolysis

Question 45

S______ prevents premature separation of sister chromatids

Answer 45

Securin

Question 46

It is a tightly regulated, highly specific, and ATP-dependent biological PROCESS carried out by a complex cascade of enzymes

Answer 46

Ubiquitination

Question 47

What happens in Proteolysis

Answer 47

1. Degrade SECURIN 2. Which stimulates SEPARASE 3. Which will cut COHESIN 4. Which will SEPERATE the sister chromatids