Q1 ch 14 CNS def to word

Question 1

weakness in one half of the body

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hemiparesis

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inability to speak

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aphasia

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pathological condition associated with formation of small plaques in the cerebral cortex

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Alzheimer disease

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eating disorder characterized by binging and purging

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bulimia nervosa

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part of the grand mal seizure characterized by uncontrolled jerking of the body

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clonic phase

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autoimmune condition that causes acute inflammation of peripheral nerves

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Guillain-Barre syndrome

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type of neurosis characterized by irrational fears

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phobias

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mental disorder that causes unusual shifts in mood, emotion, and energy

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bipolar disorder

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chronic or recurring seizure disorders

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epilepsies

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commonly caused by narrowing of the carotid arteries

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ischemic stroke

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disease caused by the same organism that causes chickenpox in children

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shingles

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disease of the nerve root associated with the spinal cord

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radiculopathy

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paralysis of the lower portion of the trunk and both legs

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paraplegia

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disease that causes inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord

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poliomyelitis

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abnormal inactivity or lack of response to normal stimuli

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lethargy

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most severe form of spina bifida where the spinal cord and meninges protrude through the spine

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myelomeningocele

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mental disorder characterized by extreme withdrawal and abnormal absorption in fantasy

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autism

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disease characterized by head nodding, bradykinesia, tremors, and shuffling gait

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Parkinson disease

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disease characterized by demyelination in the spinal cord and brain

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multiple sclerosis

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loss of consciousness caused by trauma to the head

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concussion

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tests the speed at which impulses travel through a nerve

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nerve conduction velocity (NCV)

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reduce impulsive behavior by increasing the level of neurotransmitters; treat ADHD and narcolepsy

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psychostimulants

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treat psychosis, paranoia, and schizophrenia by altering chemicals in the brain, including the limbic system, which controls emotions

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antipsychotics

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act upon the brain to produce complete loss of feeling with loss of consciousness

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general anesthetics

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ultrasound technique used to study the intracranial structures of the brain

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echoencephalography

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technique that employs extreme cold to destroy tissue

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cryosurgery

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radiological examination of the spinal canal, nerve roots, and spinal cord

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myelography

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visualization of the cerebrovascular system after injection of radiopaque dye

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cerebral angiography

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laboratory test used to diagnose viral and bacterial infections, tumors, and hemorrhage

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CSF analysis

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recording of electrical signals when a muscle is at rest and during contraction to assess nerve damage

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electromyography

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procedure to extract spinal fluid for diagnostic purposes, introduce anesthetic agents, or remove fluid to allow other fluids to be injected

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lumbar puncture

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scan using computed tomography to record the positrons emitted from a radiopharmaceutical

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positron emission tomography (PET)

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transection of a nerve tract in the brainstem or spinal cord

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tractotomy

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agents that depress central nervous system functions, promote sedation and sleep, and relieve agitation, anxiousness, and restlessness

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hypnotics

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cutting a circular opening into the skull to reveal brain tissue and decrease intracranial pressure

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trephination

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a bulge formed on a weakened blood vessel

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aneurysm

Question 2

a procedure in which magnetic resonance imaging is used for the brain

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cerebral MRI

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Widening portions of the subarachnoid space within the cranium where the arachnoid bridges over a depression on the surface of the brain

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cisterna subarachnoidalis

Question 4

serumlike fluid that circulates through the ventricles of the brain, the cavity of the spinal cord, and the subarachnoid space.

Answer 4

cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)

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accumulation of fluid in the ventricles of the brain, causing increased intracranial pressure (ICP), thinning of brain tissue, and separation of cranial bones

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hydrocephalus

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Imaging technique achieved by rotating an x-ray emitter around the area to be scanned and measuring the intensity of transmitted rays from different angles

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computed tomography (CT)

Question 7

patient has neck stiffness, photophobia, and a headache without the presence of infection of inflammation

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meningismus

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relating to occipital bone

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occipital

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rule out

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R/O

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area between the arachnoid and the pia mater

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subarachnoid

Question 11

localized collection of pus at the site of an infection

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abscess

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rapid onset

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acute

Question 13

used to treat hypertension, prevent migraine headaches, and manage Tourette's syndrome

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clonidine

Question 14

injection into the epidural space of the spine

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epidural

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Radiographic technique in which x-rays are directed through the body to a fluorescent screen that displays continuous motion images of internal structures

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fluoroscopy

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area of tissue that undergoes necrosis following cessation of blood supply

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infarct

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part of the back and sides between the lowest ribs and the pelvis

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lumbar

Question 18

used as a substitute for morphine and heroin

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methadone

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inflammation of the spinal column

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myelitis

Question 20

skin sensation, such as burning, prickling, itching, or tingling, with no apparent physical cause

Answer 20

paresthesia

Question 21

crossing from side to side

Answer 21

transverse