Q1 Exam Events

Question 1

rip

Answer 1

harambe

Question 2

Ciompi Revolt of 1378

Answer 2

This revolt of the peasants resulted from collapse of banks, feuding between the old and new rich, and anarchy from the Black Death.

Question 3

The French Invasions (1494-1527)

Answer 3

The whole thing started when Milanese despot Ludovico il Moro asked the French for aid to invade Naples.

The invasion of the French divided Italy politically, founded much individual political maneuvering, allowed Italian learning to infect France, leading to educational and religious reform

Question 4

Great Schism

Answer 4

Nobility and clergy declined in the late Middle Ages so laymen began to fill the royal offices instead.

Question 5

Name 2 Renaissance/Humanism ideals.

Answer 5

Secularism and individuality

Question 6

Marriage of Isabella of Castile and Ferdinand of Aragon in 1469

Answer 6

Spain became unified and the base of operations for the European Counter-Reformation.

Question 7

Hundred Years’ War

Answer 7

The collapse of the English following the Hundred Years’ War and the defeat of the duchy of Burgundy allowed Louis XI to secure the monarchy without constant foreign intrigue

Question 8

War of Roses

Answer 8

The Houses of York and Lancaster battled for control in England, caused an age of inner turmoil.

Question 9

Where did the Protestant Reformation start and why did it start there?

Answer 9

In the Holy Roman Empire b/c cities and territories were still feudal and divided without a centralized power.

Question 10

Where did the Catholic Counter-Reformation start and why did it start there?

Answer 10

Spain since it was largely Catholic thanks to the Ferdinand and Isabella’s religious intolerance.

Question 11

The Reuchlin affair

Answer 11

Reuchlin, a Christian scholar on Jewish learning, came under fire by another Christian, unified reform-minded German humanists since they believed in freedom of speech.

Bonus Connection: “I Disapprove of What You Say, But I Will Defend to the Death Your Right to Say It” -Voltaire

Question 12

Diet of Worms

Answer 12

a council convened by Holy Roman Emperor Charles V in 1521 where Luther refused to recant so he was exiled

Question 13

Peasants revolts and Martin Luther

Answer 13

Luther relied on the nobles for protection and power so he disapproved of the peasant revolts.

Question 14

When were the French Wars of Religion?

Answer 14

(1562-1598)

Question 15

War of the Three Henries

Answer 15

Henry the duke of Guise demanded Henry III (brother of Charles IX) to make him a minister but Henry III assassinated him and joined with Henry of Navarre to crush the Catholic Holy League which supported Henry duke of Guise but then Henry III was assassinated by a monk so Henry of Navarre became king, Henry IV but converted again to Catholicism for political reasons.

Question 16

Revolt of the Netherlands

Answer 16

Netherlands religiously diverse so when Super Catholic Philip II tried to crush Calvinism, the nobles pushed back. When a harsh sales tax was implemented, the merchants and commoners joined the nobles in revolt. In response, Philip II formed the Council of Troubles which executed even aristocrats so that William of Orange lead them towards more conciliatory policies.

Question 17

Jamestown

Answer 17

was a deathtrap.

Question 18

Battle of Lepanto

Answer 18

Philip II won a stunning victory over the Turkish fleet.

Question 19

The Witchcraft Craze

Answer 19

Witch hunts that were brought about due to political uncertainty where Protestant-Catholic tensions still bred and social turmoil that was brought about by the new economic ethic.

Question 20

Name the phases of the Thirty Years’ War (“The last of the religious wars”) in order.

Answer 20

Bohemian
Danish
Swedish
Franco-Swedish

Question 21

How did the Thirty Years’ War start?

Answer 21

The Habsburg Holy Roman Emperor tried to consolidate their power only to resisted by the princes so they went to Spain so the princes went to France and that’s how WW1/2 started.

Question 22

What happened in the Bohemian phase of the Thirty Years’ War?

Answer 22

The new Bohemian king Ferdinand II tried to re-Catholicize and so the nobles overthrew him for Frederick IV/V but Ferdinand II came back with the Catholic League and won a Catholic victory.

Question 23

What happened in the Danish phase of the Thirty Years’ War?

Answer 23

King Christian IV of Denmark tried to invade northern Germany for religion and land but Ferdinand beat them back with Albrecht von Wallenstein, ending Danish supremacy in the Baltic. After, Ferdinand II issued the Edict of Restitution which prohibited Calvinism and restored land to the Church.

Question 24

What happened in the Swedish phase of the Thirty Years’ War?

Answer 24

King Gustavus Adolphus was, like Christian IV, a Lutheran and tried to help and had some success until Wallenstein was recalled and he was killed. But then Wallenstein was assassinated by Ferdinand II to appease the German princes.

Question 25

What happened in the Franco-Swedish phase of the Thirty Years' War?

Answer 25

By now, religion took a back seat and the French entered to challenge the Habsburgs of Germany and Spain for power and they brought an end to Spanish greatness.

Question 26

What were the outcomes of the Thirty Years' War?

Answer 26

The war ended with the Peace of Westphalia in 1648 which allowed German states to choose their own religion, even Calvinism, reduced Holy Roman Emperor to figurehead, separation of church and state.

Question 27

The Fronde

Answer 27

When the nobles of the robe revolted in France. First Fronde ended in compromise, the next crushed when the nobles began fighting each other.

Question 28

The Wars of Louis XIV

Answer 28

In a quest for land and glory, Louis XIV engaged in 4 wars (2 Dutch War, the War of the League of Augsburg, and War of Spanish Succession) that left France bloody and in debt.

Question 29

The War of Spanish Succession (1701-1713)

Answer 29

Louis’ grandson Philip had chance to take Spain’s throne but the rest of Europe was fearful of a Bourbon dynasty so literally all of the rest of Europe fought against France, resulting in the Peace of Utrecht, 1713 which stated Philip could become king but could never inherit France’s throne. Also, Britain gained strait of Gibraltr.

Question 30

How did Frederick William the Great Elector instigate the rise of Brandenburg-Prussia?

Answer 30

Frederick William the Great Elector laid the foundation for a powerful Prussian state by negotiating with the nobles at the peasants and middle class’ expense and having a large standing army.

Question 31

Great Northern War

Answer 31

Peter wanted a warm water port so he ganged up on Sweden with Poland and Denmark since they had a young king, Charles XII, but Charles whooped them. The Great Northern War ended with Russia getting Estonia, Livonia, and Karelia. Sweden became a second-rate nation.

Question 32

Glorious Revolution

Answer 32

William (of Orange) and Mary overthrew James II, resulting in the increase of power for Parliament from the Bill of Rights as well as the foundation for a constitutional monarchy.

Question 33

Name the order of the English Stuart monarchs.

Answer 33

``` James I Charles I Oliver Cromwell Charles II James II William and Mary ```

Question 34

Scientific Revolution

Answer 34

Rise of rational thought and the scientific method, questioning of tradition (the church)