QA

Question 0

Which two duty holders are expected to know the principles of QA and QC applied to equipment and techniques and according to which body?

Answer 0

IRMER

Practitioners and Operators

Question 1

What is QA?

Answer 1

Arrangements to ensure QC methods are effective and they lead to relevant change

Question 2

What is quality control

Answer 2

Specific measures for ensuring and verifying the quality of the radiographs produced

Question 3

What is quality audit?

Answer 3

Process of external reassurance and assessment that quality control and assurance are satisfactory and work effectively

Question 4

T/F

QA programme is mandatory

Answer 4

T

Question 5

T/F

QA must be recorded

Answer 5

T

Question 6

T/F

QA must be implemented by a named person?

Answer 6

T

Question 7

What three things is the named person responsible for?

Answer 7

Frequency of operation should be defined
Content of supporting records should be define
Frequency of formal checking records

Question 8

What are the Essential procedures within a dental radio QA programme?

Answer 8

Image quality
Patient dose and x ray equipment 
darkroom image receptors processing
Working procedures
Training 
Audit

Question 9

How canQA of image quality be carried out?

Answer 9

Monitor information daily by comparing radiograph with good quality reference film

Monitor formally every 6 ninths prospectively or retrospectively

Question 10

How often should the darkroom or daylight checks be made?

Answer 10

Daily : to check cleanliness and film hangers cleaned

6/12 monthly: light tightness of darkroom and checks safelights/ day light hood

Question 11

When are film hangers used?

Answer 11

Wet developing

Question 12

What tests do you use to check the safelight and daylight hood?

Answer 12

Coin tests and filter distance from work surface

Question 13

How should x ray films be stored?

Answer 13

Cool dry place away from direct sunlight and ionising radiation

Question 14

What should you do to the film stock?

Answer 14

Rotate and careful handling

Question 15

What do you need to check the cassettes and intensifying screens for?

Answer 15

Light tightness and for film screen contact

Question 16

How should you care for the intensifying screens?

Answer 16

Clean regularly with cleaner

Question 17

Which digital image receptors are there?

Answer 17

Phosphor plates

CCD sensors

Question 18

How do you clean phosphor plates?

Answer 18

Visual inspection and cleaning and check for artefacts by placing a low exposure scan in the image and observe

Question 19

How do you care for the CCD receptors?

Answer 19

Follow manufacture

Question 20

How do you check for chemical solutions are functional well?

Answer 20

Make up as recommended by manufacture

Fill fixer tank fist and operate at correct temperature

Question 21

How often should you change the chemical solutions?

Answer 21

Every 2 weeks and records should be kept

Question 22

How can you monitor the chemical for deterioration?

Answer 22

Make a test tool and radiograph this at a standard setting and distance
Process in fresh solution to produce a reference film
Repeat this daily using same exposure factors
And compare each days film with the reference film and record results

Question 23

Which processor checks should be performed?

Answer 23

Daily checks: check solutions and replenish as and when, change water in wash tank, run cleaner film each morning through, check got deterioration of chemicals
Weekly: clean rollers
Fortnightly: Change chemical, wash transport mechanisms and tank
6 monthly: check daylight loader with coin test
Annually: service machine

Question 24

How can we ensure the quality assurance of working procedures?

Answer 24

Local rules IRR99 and Employers procedures IRMER 2000

Question 25

What are the local rules?

Answer 25

Procedures and operational elements essentials to safe use of X-ray equipment

Question 26

What do the employers procedures ensure?

Answer 26

QA programme followed | Written protocols for all examinations and tasks related to radiation safety

Question 27

Whsy should be done re staff training for QA?

Answer 27

``` Should all be recorded Name Responsibility Date and training received Recommendation for training ```

Question 28

What QA audits should be performed?

Answer 28

Justification and authorisation if x rays Clinical evaluations of films QA programme and associated records

Question 29

What QA checks should be performed daily?

Answer 29

``` Processor checks Cleaning of daylight hood and hangers X-ray equipment Test X-ray compared to reference film Maintenance of film reject log ```

Question 30

What QA checks should be performed every 2 weeks?

Answer 30

``` Check film and chemical stock Clean processor and rollers Clean viewing box Produce new reference film Change developer and fixer ```

Question 31

What QA checks should be performed monthly?

Answer 31

Clean viewing box Check film and chemical stocks Check accuracy of darkroom timer and thermometer (manual processing) Clean intending screens

Question 32

What checks should be done very 3 months?

Answer 32

Check phosphor plates

Question 33

What QA checks should be performed every 6 months?

Answer 33

Check safe lighting and daylight loading system within coin test Check light tightness of cassettes Check quality targets Reject analysis

Question 34

What QA checks should be performed annually?

Answer 34

Service X-ray sets and automatic processor

Question 35

What QA checks should be performed every 3 years?

Answer 35

Radiation survey of equipment.

Question 37

What is the ultimate role of QA?

Answer 37

Patient care

Question 38

What can we use to check the quality of radiographs?

Answer 38

Quality rating Grade 1/2/3

Question 39

How much grade one image quality should we aim for?

Answer 39

70%

Question 40

How much grade 2 should we aim for?

Answer 40

Less than 20%

Question 41

How much grade 3 image quality whisks weak for?

Answer 41

Less than 10%

Question 42

What is a grade 1 film?

Answer 42

ExcellentNo errors of exposure processing or positioning

Question 43

What is a grade 2 film?

Answer 43

Diagnostically acceptableSome errors but still diagnostic

Question 44

What is a grade 3 film?

Answer 44

Unacceptable Errors which make the film unacceptable

Question 45

Where should we record grade 3 films? And what should be recorded

Answer 45

Film reject log Date, nature of film fault, cause and corrective action, number of repeats Calculate total number of grade 3 films percentage

Question 46

Which can films always need to be retaken?

Answer 46

Grade 3If you did not retake it then why did you take it in the first place?

Question 47

How can we quality assure equipment and patient doz0se?

Answer 47

Daily equipment checks

Question 48

What daily equipment checks should be performed?

Answer 48

Warning signal visible and audible on exposure and goes off when button releasedMake sure counterbalance is working and tube remains in correct position

Question 49

What should happen to the equipment upon installation?

Answer 49

Critical examination by the installer and must perform an acceptance test before the equipment is used clinically to establish a baseline performance

Question 50

Who is responsible to ensure the acceptance test is carried to?

Answer 50

The legal person

Question 51

What should be included on the equipment acceptance test?

Answer 51

Patient doses should be tested

Question 52

At what time interval must routine equipment tests not exceed? And what must the include?

Answer 52

3 years DRL

Question 53

Who is responsible for ensuring routine tests are carried out?

Answer 53

Legal person

Question 54

When are annual tests recommended?

Answer 54

Assessed patient dose exceeds DRLImage quality analysis fails to meet targets QA programme identifies a problem

Question 55

What should be obtained if the equipment has been relocated, repaired or modified?

Answer 55

Re examination report

Question 56

What log for the equipment must be kept?

Answer 56

Equipment log

Question 57

What must be in the equipment log?

Answer 57

Inventory of each tine according to IRMER 200-Name of manufacturer and model no-Serial number-Year of installation and manufacture Installers written formal reports-checks made-action taken Equipment check in chronological orderDetail of routine or any special maintenance

Question 58

What is a photon equivalent to?

Answer 58

A quantum of energy

Question 59

How much does the step up transformer step to?

Answer 59

From 240kv to 70000kv

Question 60

How much does the step down transformer step to?

Answer 60

240kv to 810v