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1
Q

Envenenamiento agudo por salicilatos

A

Alcalosis respiratoria aguda

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2
Q

Que volumen o capacidad pulmonar no puede ser medida directamente a través de la espirometría

A

Capacidad residual funcional

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3
Q

Clinica de epiglotitis y agente causal

A

Hemophilus influenzae

Estridor, odinofagia, salivación, apariencia tóxica, fiebre, leucocitosis, signo radiológico de “thumbprint”

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4
Q

Ante hipoxia. Cambios en arteriolas sistémicas vs pulmonares

A

Arteriolas sistémicas: se dilatan

Arteriolas pulmonares: se contraen➡high altitude sickness

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5
Q

Curva de disociación hacia la derecha
Tejidos extraen O2 mas fácil
Disminuye contenido de O2

A

⬆temperatura
⬆PCO2
⬆2,3DPG
⬆H+

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6
Q

Cri-du-Chat

5p deletion

A 
Ventricular septal defect 
Short stature 
Distorted laryngeal anatomy 
Mental retardation 
Microcephaly
Micrognathia 
Wide nasal bridge 
Wide set eyes 
Downward slanted eyes
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7
Q

Wilms Tumor

WAGR sx

A

Wilms tumor
Aniridia
Genito-urinary malformations
Mental retardation

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8
Q

Predictor de pronóstico

A

Estadio del tumor

TNM

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9
Q

Sturge Weber syndrome (4)

Sporadically

A

Facial port wine stain
Leptomeingeal angiomatosis
Neurologic findings (hemiparesis, retardation, seizures)
Glaucoma ^ pheochromocytoma

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10
Q

Neurifibromatosis type 1

Chrom 17
AD
CAFE SPOT

A

Benign subcutaneous neurofibromas

Cafe au lait macules 
Axillary Freckling 
Eye "lisch" nodules 
Scoliosis 
Pheochromocytoma 
Optic Tumors (optic glioma)
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11
Q

Kartagener syndrome

A

Chronic sinusitis and bronchiectasis

Situs inversus totalis

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12
Q

Bone tumors
Diaphysis

FOR

A

Fibrous dysplasia
Osteoid osteoma
Round cell lesions ⚌EWING SARCOMA t(11;22), myeloma

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13
Q

Blue cell tumors (5)

A 
Ewing sarcoma 
Lymphoma 
Neuroblastoma 
Rhabdomyosarcoma 
Desmoplastic small round cell tumor

➕PAS, CD99, MIC1

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14
Q

Melanoma markers (2)

A

HMB45

S100

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15
Q

Metaphysis (3)

OSO

A

Osteosarcoma
Simple bone cyst
Osteochondroma

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16
Q

Epiphysis

A

Giant cell tumor

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17
Q

Paget disease in breast ⚌ ?

A

Underlying invasive or in situ ductal adenocarcinoma

➕mucin, PAS, cytokeratin

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18
Q

Multiple myeloma

M spike within the gamma region IgG
Symptoms? CRAB

A

hyperCalcemia
Renal dysfunction (bence jones protein)
Anemia
lytic Bone lesions

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19
Q

Seminoma 🍳

A

➕placental alkaline phosphatase

Neoplastic cells: prominent nucleoli and clear cytoplasm

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20
Q

⬆AFP

tumors ? (2)

A 
Yolk sac (endodermal sinus) tumor
Mixed embryonal carcinoma
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21
Q

Ethylene glycol poisoning (4)

A

CNS depression 😖
metabolic acidosis 🍋
oxalate crystalluria
nephrotoxicity

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22
Q

Bence Jones proteins 🚽

A

IgG light chains excreted in urine

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23
Q

Dx rheumatoid arthritis and Sjögren sx

A

➕SS-A/B (Ro and La antibodies)

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24
Q

Opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome

A

Opsoclonus⚌rapid involuntary, horizontal and vertical conjugate fast eye movements

Myoclonus⚌brief involuntary twitching of muscles

👶neuroblastoma, 👨small cell lung carcinoma

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25
CREST Sx ⚌ limited scleroderma
Anti-centromere antibodies ``` Calcinosis Raynaud phenom Esophageal dysmotility Sclerodactyly Telangiectasias ```
26
Diffuse scleroderma | Antibody ?
Anti-Scl-70
27
Serum markers for mixed connective tissue disease ? SLE + Myositis + scleroderma + RA
Anti-U1 ribonucleoprotein and rheumatoid factor
28
Cirrhosis, skin pigmentation, impotence in males, DM, CHF
Hemochromatosis | ⬆iron, ⬆ferritin, ⬆transferrin saturation, ⬇TIBC
29
Acute intermitent porphyria 5P's
Porphobilinogen deaminase ``` Peripheral neuropathy Painful abdomen Pink urine Psychiatric sequelae Paralysis ```
30
Screen for osteoblastic bony metastases in prostate cancer
Alkaline phosphatase
31
Falsely high values of HbA1c
Iron or B12/folate deficiency anemia Renal failure Bone marrow suppression w/OH Splenectomy
32
Breast metastasis
Produce both lytic (PTHrP) and blastic lesions
33
Stain for iron deposition in hemochromatosis
Prussian blue
34
Predisposing factor for ectopic pregnancy
PID
35
Bacterial endocarditis
``` Roth's spots 👀 Osler nodes 🖐 Petechiae Splinter hemorrhages Janeway lesions ```
36
Lynch sx ⚌ HNPCC | AD
Mutation in DNA mismatch repair genes | ⬆risk for colon, gastric, endometrial cancers
37
Neuroblastoma | CROSS MIDLINE
Amplification of the MYCN oncogene | Elevated serum homovalinic acid
38
ESR ⬇ (rate at which red cells settle in blood)
Polycythemia Sickle cell anemia CHF
39
PSaMMoma
Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid Serous papillary cystadenocarcinoma of th ovary Meningioma Malignant Mesothelioma
40
von Hippel Lindau disease AD VHL 3p25
Hemangioblastomas Renal cell carcinomas Pheochromocytomas
41
➕ coombs test at 37°C
Warm agglutinin type ➡IgG Caused by: Medications (methyldopa), SLE, lymphoma
42
➕ Coombs test at 4°C
Cold agglutinins. Triggered by Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, lymphomas
43
Lambert Eaton
Ab against presinaptic Ca++ channel | Strength improves w/repeated testing
44
Tumor suppressor genes located on chromosome 17
BRCA 1 NF 1 p53
45
Fragile X syndrome
CGG expansion repeats in the FMR1 gene of the X chromosome | MITRAL VALVE PROLAPSE
46
Pulseless disease
Takayasu arteritis
47
Rosette 💮
Contains a central lumen Ependymoma, retinoblastoma, medulloblastoma
48
Pseudorosette 🌷
Lacks a lumen and surround material or a blood vessel
49
Acute promyelocytic leukemia | Treatment
t(15:17) Auer Rods ATRA
50
Acute promyelocytic leukemia | Treatment
t(15:17) Auer Rods ATRA
51
Damaged valves | Subacute endocarditis
Strept viridans
52
Prosthetic valves | Endocarditis
Staph epidermidis
53
Endocarditis in colon cancer
Strept bovis
54
t(8;22)
MYC gene transloc w/lambda light chain (10-15%)
55
t(2;8)
MYC gene transloc w/kappa light chain (5%)
56
Ulnar nerve compressed at the level of the cubital tunnel
Radial deviation of the hand ➡️ flexor carpi ulnaris | Loss of sensation
57
Rb mutation increases risk for ? (2)
Retinoblastoma | Osteosarcoma
58
Clonidine
Alpha 2 agonist
59
Isoproterenol
Nonselective b agonist
60
Phentolamine
Nonselective alpha antagonist
61
Timolol
Nonselective beta antagonist
62
Phenylephrine
Alpha 1 agonist
63
Exceptions to informed consent
Emergency; life threatening conditions Waiver by patient Patient is incompetent Therapeutic privilege
64
Diabetic neuropathy causes atrophy of the
Lumbricals and interosseous muscles

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