QI

Question 1

Level of evidence

Answer 1

Systems
Summaries
Synthesis
Studies

Question 2

Base rate effect

Answer 2

Look for more exotic diseases and ignore more common

Question 3

Framing effect

Answer 3

Patient comes up “packaged” from the ED and it is not questioned further

Question 3

Framing effect

Answer 3

Patient comes up “packaged” from the ED and it is not questioned further

Question 4

Transformative learning theory

Answer 4

uses critical reflection to challenge a learner’s belief

Question 5

Cogntive learning theory

Answer 5

focused on the mental aspect of learning

Question 6

Clinical Learning Environemnt

Answer 6

Safety
Supervision
Well being
Teaming
Health care quality

Question 7

Belmont research 3 tenets

What added later

Answer 7

Respect/autonomy
Beneficience
Justice

Nonmalecience

Question 8

Relative Risk

Answer 8

Incidence of disease in exposed to risk
over incidence of disease in unexposed

Question 9

Emmanual Principles of Allocation

Answer 9

1. Improving health outcomes
2. Reduce conflict of interest
3. Patients should be informed
4. Patients should be able to consent

Question 10

Type I error

Answer 10

Rejecting the null hypothesis (saying there is a difference when there is not one) a false positive

Question 11

What is a measure of chance?

Answer 11

p value < 0.05

Question 12

Type II Error

Answer 12

Errounsaly accepting null hypothesis, saying there isn’t difference when there is one

Question 13

Power

Answer 13

how likely you are to be right, ability of a study to detect a difference that is present

Power is 1- beta

80%

Question 14

T test

Question 15

Cohort studies- can calculate what?

Answer 15

Need large population
Prospective or retrospective observational patients when outcomes emerge

Relative Risk Risk of exposed/unexposed

Question 16

Case control- can calculate what?

Answer 16

Have outcome, seeing what risk factors caused

Good for rare evens

Can’t do relative risk because manipulating the incidence
Odds Radio

Question 17

T test

Answer 17

Univariate
One continous and one categorical (with only 2 values)

Question 18

ANOVA

Answer 18

Univariate
One continous and one categorial with multiple values

Question 19

Chi-square

Answer 19

Univariate
2 categorical variables

Question 20

Kaplan Meier Curve and Log Rank Test

Answer 20

Univariate
Time variable and categorical

Question 21

Linear Regression

Answer 21

Multiple variables
Continous

Question 22

Logisitic Regression

Answer 22

Mutlivariate Categorial

Question 23

Cox proprotional

Answer 23

Time, surivial curge

Question 24

Ratios over 1 vs less than 1

Answer 24

> 1 more likely of outcome in exposed <1 less likely in exposed

Question 25

What can affect internal validity

Answer 25

Bias, chance, condounder

Question 26

What can affect external validity

Answer 26

selection bias

Question 27

ROC

Answer 27

Y axis sensitivity X axis 1- specificity The more area under the curve the better the test because maximizing sensitivity without losing specificity

Question 28

Likelihood Ratio

Answer 28

Prest prob X LR : Post test probability

Question 29

Specificity

Answer 29

SPIN TN/TN+FP A positive test rules in, good for confirmation

Question 30

Sensitivity

Answer 30

SNOUT TP/TP+FN A negative rules out, good for screening

Question 31

PPV

Answer 31

TP/TP + FP prevalence plays in Likelihood a positive test has the disease

Question 32

NPV

Answer 32

TN/TN+FN prevalence plays in Likelihood a negative has the disease

Question 33

Pediatric Assessment Triangle

Answer 33

Appearance WOB Circulation

Question 34

Lewain Change Management Model

Answer 34

Unfreeeze Change Refreeze

Question 35

Institute of Medicine (IOM) 6 Dimensions of HealthCare

Answer 35

3 E's Efficient Efffective Equity 2 P's Patient safety Patient centered 1 T Timeliness

Question 36

Confidence Interval

Answer 36

research study represents a range of values that is likely to include the true value. Confidence intervals are typically set at 95%

Question 37

Lean Methodology

Answer 37

All about reducing waste, stream mapping, eliminating non-value added work

Question 38

Six Sigma

Answer 38

QI improve processes. keep 6SD away from failure Define Measure Analyze Improve and control

Question 39

Process mapping =

Answer 39

= Flowchart the steps to an outcome

Question 40

Cause and effect =

Answer 40

Fishbone Looking at ALL factors thaat contribute

Question 41

Paretto

Answer 41

Which factors are most important

Question 42

Key driver

Answer 42

AIM with primary drivers and secondary drivers Secondary drivers- what you are doing diretly Primary drivers- people things

Question 43

Failure mode analysis

Answer 43

What can lad to failure or negatively impact study

Question 44

Scatter diagram

Answer 44

after QI can show correlation show results and

Question 45

SMART AIM

Answer 45

Specific Measurable Achievable Realistic Time Bound

Question 46

High reliability organization

Answer 46

Functions in high complex high hazard domains for extended periods of time without serious accident or failure

Question 47

Best style for feedback

Answer 47

Instrumental

Question 48

Summartive Feedback

Answer 48

Grade evaluation

Question 49

Formative feedback

Answer 49

Improvement through out

Question 50

Team mentoring

Answer 50

Many mentors one mentee

Question 51

Assent?

Answer 51

Understanding the situation

Question 52

Implicit bias reduce

Answer 52

Partnership building Mindfulness

Question 53

Highest level of racism

Answer 53

Structural above institutional