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Elizabeth 1558-69 > Qieen, Governent And Religion > Flashcards

Qieen, Governent And Religion Flashcards

1
Q

What is nobility

A

(Great landowners)

Wealthy, huge influence, 50 families

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2
Q

What is gentry

A

(Lesser landowners)

Social elite, owned land , no other work , 10,000

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3
Q

What are yeomen

A

Owned there own land

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4
Q

What are Tenant farmers

A

Renter land from land owners

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5
Q

What is the social hierarchy

A

Monarch at top (most important in nobility)
Pyramid determines how much land you owned
Owed respect to above and had respect from below

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6
Q

What percentage of the English population lived or worked in the countryside

A

90%

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7
Q

How could you become a landless labourers or unskilled worker?

A

Bad harvest or an illness

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8
Q

What are merchants and professionals

A

Wealthy
30,000 families
Eg, lawyers and doctors

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9
Q

What are skilled craftsmen

A

Skilled employees + trainees
In guilds on standards of trade
Eg. Carpenter, silversmith

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10
Q

Where were the largest town and most important

A

London

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11
Q

What were women viewed as

A

Wife, obedient, domestic, under authority of man

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12
Q

What beliefs about women did Mary confirm and how.

A

She seemed to have confirmed beliefs that women cant rules

by getting the country into war.

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13
Q

How could Elizabeth address her gender problem?

A

Prove she was as good as a ruler as any man and win over critics

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14
Q

Why did henry Vlll make himself head of church?

A

So he could divorce from his first wife and marry Anne boyeyn

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15
Q

Why did some catholics believe that Elizabeth was illegitimate ti the throne.

A

The pope didn’t authorise his divorce therefore henrys and annes marriage wasnt valid

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16
Q

Why was there little QE. Could do about her illegitimacy problem

A

Because even marriage and children couldnt change her parents illegitimate marriage

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17
Q

WhT did people expect QE, to do (heir probem)

A

Marry quick and have children to ensure political stability

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18
Q

Why did Elizabeth turn down 2 potential husbands in the early weeks of her reign.

A

She was focused on immediate problems of the war with france and religious settlement

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19
Q

Why would QE marrying a nobleman be problematic

A

Could cause anger and jealousy among other nobles

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20
Q

4 examples of the monarchs power

A

Punish criminals
Declare war make peace
Call and dismiss parliament
Regent laws

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21
Q

2 limits to the monarchs power

A

Had to be advised by leading nobles

No full time royal army

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22
Q

What was the court

A

Lived near the monarch

Members of nobility

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23
Q

What did the court do

A

Advise and influence the monarch

Display wealth

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24
Q

What was the secretary of state

A

Closest to the monarch
Advised the queen,

Sir William cecil help the position till 1573

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25
Q

What was parliament

A

Nobility and gentry
QE. Needed consent form new laws and taxes
queen summoned parliament

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26
Q

Who where the lord lieutenants

A

Chosen by monarch
Nobility and privy council
Trained local military
Oversaw policies and country defences

27
Q

Who were the justices of the peace

A

Large land owners
Kept law in local areas
Unpaid, reported to privy council
Made sure all policies happened

28
Q

Why was QE in debt

A

She inherited 300,000 Edwards war with Scotland and Mary’s with France.

29
Q

What was QE expected to pay

A

All the costs of running the country and the royal household

30
Q

Where could the monarch potentially get money from

A

Rent or sale of crown land
Fines
Taxes

31
Q

(3) probelms of why QE would struggle to make money

A

Rents where fixed
Suffering high levels of inflation
Increase tax would risk loosing nobility/gentry support
Asking parliament to introduce new taxes would give them too much power

32
Q

Why was it important that QE picked the correct privy council

A

Picked right = loyal team to help run country

Picked wrong = alienated some of the most powerful men in country

33
Q

Why was the privy council important

A

Decided on big decisions ( war, religion and marriage)

Responsibility for administration

34
Q

How were France and Scotland linked

A

They were both catholic

35
Q

Why was there a threat of invasion with France

A

France was a catholic country and they wanted MQofS to be queen of England so they could invade on her behalf

36
Q

Why was continuing war with France a good thing

A

Military victory we get the reign off to good start

Victory would end the danger of invasion from France and Scotland

37
Q

Why was making peace with France good

A

Nothing to suggest that England could win the war

Could not afford to continue sending aid to phillip ll

38
Q

Why had poverty increases throughout the 16th century

A

England with suffering high levels of inflation
there was a slump in trade and many lost their jobs
enclosure meant that fewer labourers were needed
Henry Vlll closed England’s monetary meaning there was less help for the poor

39
Q

Why was poverty a problem

A

It was Elizabeth did nothing to tackle poverty
unpopularity could increase
people living through hardship with more like to join the rebellion

40
Q

How is it shown that Elizabeth thought France war was a problem

A

She spent a lot of money on preparations which means she took it seriously even though she was in debt

41
Q

Why was poverty less of a problem in 1558

A

There was a good harvest which gave Elizabeth breathing space

42
Q

How did Elizabeth show that financial weakness was a problem

A

She severely cut back right from the beginning which shows important

43
Q

What did the catholic religion want in the church

A

Keep the pope as head of church
expensive decorations
believe the clergy should not marry and wear a richly decorated robes
Bible in Latin

44
Q

What does Protestants want in the church

A

Queen is head of church
less decorative
church clergy could marry and wear plain gowns
Bibble and English

45
Q

What did puritans want in the church

A

Didn’t believe in the head of the church
very plain church
clergy should wear black gowns
Bible in English

46
Q

Two reasons why religion was so important in the 16th century

A

Following the right religion would be rewarded by God

Religion gave people hope and support during times of hardship

47
Q

Why did Elizabeth want everyone to follow the same religion

A

As division could lead to religious Civil War which would mean in England was weak if invaded

48
Q

Three examples of religious rebellions in the past

A

Henry the eighth pilgrimage of grace
Edward peion and cornwall rebellion
Mary first wyatts rebellion

49
Q

Why did many Protestants return home expecting a Protestant country after Mary the first

A

Elizabeth was Protestant

50
Q

What would happen if the pope excommunicated Elizabeth

A

Catholic supports were released from obeying her and he could call Catholic powers in Europe to lead in religious crusades to overthrow

51
Q

Why would compromise be difficult in the religious settlement

A

Catholics couldn’t accept a woman as head of church and puritans didn’t want the church that had decorations of Catholicism

52
Q

Why did Elizabeth rule out a puritan religion

A

She didn’t want to turn a catholic subjects against her

53
Q

Why was that general acceptance from Catholics and Protestants

A

There are clear elements in the settlement to please both

54
Q

How did the bishops and clergy respond to the oath( religious settlemen)

A

Only one Bishop agreed

55
Q

Why did Elizabeth leave part of the settlement open to interpretation

A

So she could satisfy both religions

56
Q

How did the pope Spain and France respond to the religious settlement

A

None of them took any action against that settlement which gave Elizabeth time to enforce any laws

57
Q

What did puritans disagree with and the religious settlement (4)

A

The head of church
the Catholic appearance of the church
the Bible and services
the religious robes

58
Q

Which influential position did puritans hold increasing puritan threat

A

MPs in the House of Commons and members of the Queens Council

59
Q

How did the puritans tried to persuade in Elizabeth to make changes

A

Push for removal of too catholic things

Campaigned about wearing plain black gowns

60
Q

Why did Elizabeth refused to agree the puritans wishes

A

The puritans will never plot to overthrow her will have a foreign country to attack her
The puritans were minority

61
Q

How did some Catholics oppose the settlement

A

They went to mass in secret or they did not go to church services at all

62
Q

Why were the Catholics not a significant threat

A

If the Catholics were loyal to her Elizabeth would turn a blind eye

63
Q

Why was Catholics potential threat a problem

A

This was significant because foreign catholic dominance surrounded England

Elizabeth 1558-69 (4 decks)

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