QS Flashcards
In which disease is the the nucleus basalis of Meynert affected early?
Alzheimer’s
In which disease does degeneration of the midbrain lead to vertical gaze palsy?
Progressive supranuclear palsy
Hemiballism is associated with what?
A sub-thalamic lesion
Lumbar puncture showing Clear, normal opening pressure, lymphocytes present, high protein and normal glucose
indicates what?
viral meningitis
Lumbar puncture showing CSF with Cloudy elevated opening pressure neutrophils present high protein low glucose
indicated what?
Bacterial meningitis
Lumbar puncture showing CSF with Opaque (if left to settle it forms a fibrin web), elevated opening pressure, lymphocytes present, high protein and low glucose
indicates what?
TB meningitis
What is the best investigation in frontotemporal dementia?
MRI
What antiepileptic is most useful when a seizure occurs as a result of stroke?
carbamazepine
A patient with known epilepsy presents with blurred vision and vertigo. Blood results reveal hyponatremia.
Which medication produces these side effects?
carbamazepine
A mother has noticed her 8-year-old daughter has been day dreaming and not paying attention. After discussing with her GP, an EEG was organised and revealed a 3Hz spike waves. What medication is offered at this point?
Ethosuximide for absence seizure
Which treatment can be used for psychosis in a patient with parkinson’s disease?
quetiapine
What is the causative organism for meningitis with
gram‐positive, flagellated rods.
listeria
An 18-year-old university student presents with stiff neck, photophobia and fever. Cultures revealed a gram-negative diplococcus.
What is the causative organism?
Neisseria Meningitidis
A 3-year-old presents with signs of meningism. Culture revealed a gram‐negative coccobacillus. Prior to vaccination this was the most common cause of meningitis in children. What is it?
H. influenzae
Who is risk of listeria meningitis?
Neonates
pregnant females
immunocompromised
elderly
A stroke in what structure causes both motor and sensory symptoms?
internal capsule
A defect in this structure causes full paralysis except blinking and eye movement.
basilar artery stroke –> locked in syndrome
A 19-year-old man is hospitalized in a psychiatric ward after developing visual and auditory hallucinations. He has a seizure soon after being admitted and is transferred to the emergency room. He is postictal and noted to have a fever and meningism.
What is the most likely diagnosis?
herpes simplex encephalitis
23, female presents to her GP with a 2 week history of bilateral leg weakness having started with pins and needles and numbness in her hands and feet. She has had a few days of urinary incontinence which has resolved. 2 years ago she had an episode of blurred vision and pain in the right eye which lasted a month and fully resolved.
What is the most likely diagnosis?
MS
61 female becoming increasingly weak on her right side over a one week period. She is unable to walk and has slurred speech and right side of her face is drooping. Past history of breast cancer
o/e – right facial weakness, grade 4/5 weakness of the right arm and leg, right homonymous hemianopia and some difficulty naming objects and reflexes are brisk on the right side and her right plantar response is upgoing
What is the most likely diagnosis?
brain mets
56 male with a 6 month history of progressive weakness of his right hand. Also had problems with swallowing and has choked whilst eating on several occasions
o/e he has wasting of his upper and lower limbs and some fasciculation’s were noted his right plantar was up going and his reflexes were generally brisk
What is the most likely diagnosis?
MND
A 47 year man has an acute left hemiplegia and resolves in 60 minutes. His symptoms started abruptly. There is no associated headache. He is a heavy smoker.Clinical examination is normal. CT scan of head is normal.He is treated with aspirin. The medical team want to investigate the most likely cause of his symptoms.
Which is the most appropriate additional investigation? A. Cerebral angiography
B. Doppler ultrasound scan of carotid arteries
C. EEG
D. MR scan of brain
E. Repeat CT scan of head in 48 h
B. Doppler ultrasound scan of carotid arteries
