Qualitative Approaches- IPA Flashcards
(24 cards)
What is a research design?
General structure used in a research study.
Provides framework for collection and analysis of data.
What is a research method?
A technique for collecting data (self completed questionnaire, interview schedule, observation).
Three types of qualitative research
Phenomenological studies
Grounded theory studies
Ethnographic studies
Who created phenomenological studies
Edmund Husserl
Three main principles of phenomenology
Focus of human science should be human subjective experience and consciousness.
Each individual experiences the world differently.
General question is “how does an individual experience the world?”
Three strands of phenomenology
Existentialist.
Transcendental.
Hermeneutics.
What does IPA stand for?
Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis.
What kind of knowledge does IPA aim to produce?
Gain understanding of how ppts view and experience the world.
Engage with ppts accounts to encourage an insider perspective.
Obtain insight into ppts thoughts and beliefs in relation to the phenomenon under investigation.
Produce knowledge of what and how people think about the observed phenomenon.
Recognises researchers understanding of obtained data is through their own assumptions and conceptions.
These not seen as biases.
Deep understanding requires interpretation.
Influenced by hermeneutics.
Reflexive: dependent on the researchers standpoint.
What kind of assumptions does IPA make about the world?
Concerned with ppts individual experiences of the world.
Experience is mediated by the thoughts, beliefs, expectations that an individual brings to it.
People attribute meanings to events that then shape their experiences of these events.
IPA subscribes to relativist ontology: how ppts experience the situation it event.
The meanings people ascribe to events are the product of interactions between actors in the social world.
How does IPA conceptualise the role of researcher in the researcher process?
It proposes that any insights gained from the analysis are product of interpretation.
Through researchers engagement with the interpretation of the ppts account.
The analysis is:
-phenomenological: ppts view of the world.
-interpretative: dependent on the researchers conception and standpoint-reflexive attitude.
-not clear how researchers own conceptions are implicated in the analysis.
What is the general phenomenological research strategy?
Approaching individuals in a way so that they fully reveal the meaning of their subjective experience.
What are the three phenomenological methods of data?
I’m/semi-structured interviews.
Written descriptions.
Unstructured observation.
How are research questions in IPA he really structured?
Openly and broadly.
What sample size does IPA use?
Small sample sizes
What kind of sampling does IPA use?
Purposive, homogeneous sampling
How do you collect data with IPA?
Personal accounts.
Use of diaries.
Semi-structured interviews:-open ended, non directive
What approach does IPA take?
Idiographic (insights produced as a result of intensive and detailed engagement with individual cases).
First stage of IPA?
Initial encounter with the text.
Reading and re reading, produced unfocused notes
Second stage of IPA?
Identification of themes.
Capture what is being represented in the text through thematic labels
Third stage of IPA?
Clustering of themes.
Some themes cluster together and some emerge as super-ordinate concepts
Fourth stage of IPA?
Production of summary table.
Obtain and clear and systematic view of themes
Fifth stage of IPA?
Integration of cases
Integrate summary tables for each individual ppt to create a list of master themes of the group of ppts
What is the only reliable source of information?
The person themself.
What three things is human experience bound to?
Spatiality (live in a particular space).
Temporarlity (live in a particular time).
Relationality (live within particular human relationships).
