Qualitative Lectures

Question 1

Realist

Answer 1

Researcher uncovers facts that exist in the world

Collection of data

Question 2

Qualitative is not always…

Answer 2

Interpretive (existing records and diaries)

Focused on lived experience (archives)

democratic, humanistic and free

Question 3

Humans studying other humans is ………. Science?

Answer 3

Human science

Question 4

Gathering empiracle evidence is ………. Science?

Answer 4

Natural science

Question 5

Researchers cannot be independent of the study

Answer 5

Human science

Question 6

…….. Science studies factors which are Measurable in some quantity

Answer 6

Natural science

Question 7

The aim of ……. Science is to discover generalisable principles

Answer 7

Natural science

Question 8

The aim of …… Science is to generate new theories

Answer 8

Human science

Question 9

Positivism

Answer 9

Research in which there are predictions, manipulations and controls

Question 10

Human science is reflexive….

Answer 10

Considers the role in generating and analysing material and how phenomena may already be a social construct

Question 11

Inductive nature of human science…..

Answer 11

Generation of small scale local theory from observations

NOT hypothesis

Question 12

Human science is situated….

Answer 12

Pays attention to the context in which the data was collected. Has this in mind in analysis

Question 13

Types of interview

Answer 13

Semi structured 
Structured 
Unstructured 
Telephone 
Narrative 

NOT formal

Question 14

Developing theories grounded in the data

Answer 14

Grounded theory

Question 15

Verbal exchanges between people, a system of ideas and how they are constructed in language

Answer 15

Discourse analysis

Question 16

The structure, order and pattern of verbal interactions

Answer 16

Conversation analysis

Question 17

To generate a theory

Answer 17

Grounded theory

Question 18

Highlight social influence

Answer 18

Discourse Analysis

Question 19

Examine structure of verbal interaction

Answer 19

Conversation analysis

Question 20

Understanding individual experiences

Answer 20

Thematic analysis

–> IPA

Question 21

Phenomenology

Answer 21

The study of human experience and the way it is perceived

Question 22

IPA stages

Answer 22

1) coding
2) themes
3) clusters
4) table and write up

Question 23

Stages of grounded theory

Answer 23

Codes- identify key points
Concepts- group similar codes
Categories- broad groups of similar concepts to generate a theory
Theory- collection of explanations for RQ

Question 24

Define epistemology

Answer 24

Theories of knowledge

Determines how we approach research

Ie. realist or relativist

Question 25

When to use interviews ....?

Answer 25

Hypothesis generation When it's a complex topic and not easily quantifiable Exploring experience Exploring quantitative data

Question 26

How are interviews evolving

Answer 26

To use more creative methods

Question 27

Data saturation

Answer 27

When participants start to tell you the same things over and over.... Stop interviewing!!

Question 28

What properties should interview questions have?

Answer 28

``` Answerable Non-leading Direct Open Descriptive (ask to describe feelings and experiences) ```

Question 29

Benefits of focus groups

Answer 29

Fast a data extraction Enhanced responses via interactions between participants Reduced inhibitions Gives ideas about discourse

Question 30

Disadvantages of focus groups

Answer 30

Weaker members overpowered- power | Conflict in the group

Question 31

Ethical issues with interviews

Answer 31

``` Informed consent Children Who really owns the data and interpretation Anonymity- identifiable events Safety Data protection Sensitive topics ```

Question 32

Interview/ qualitative data may be generalised when...

Answer 32

The interaction all context of the data is well understood | If there's psychological integrity in themes which remain constant even when the story is different.

Question 33

Reflexivity

Answer 33

The way in which the researcher influenced the findings | ...promotes transparency

Question 34

Qualitative values

Answer 34

``` Understanding Subjectivity Interpretation Depth at an individual level Ideography ```

Question 35

Steps taken to increase objectivity and control of quantitative data

Answer 35

Reduce bias and experimenter effects Standardise ptp subjectivity using scales Independent researcher WHEREAS qualitative data values subjectivity as a part of the data

Question 36

The type of research conducted to bring about change

Answer 36

Action research Free people from constraints Ie. Feminist perspective Racialized discourse Queer theory

Question 37

Qualitative vulnerabilities

Answer 37

Limits of language- can't always effectively express what we really mean Lots of ways of speaking about something Personal account are too unique to generalise (but can identify patterns) Context bound- difficult to generalise

Question 38

Relativist

Answer 38

Researcher and participant co-construct data Facts are mediated by human understanding Generation of data