Qualitative Research

Question 1

What is qualitative research?

Answer 1

The process of collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data such as language and other NONUMERICAL information.

Question 2

What does qualitative research seek to understand?

Answer 2

The meaning of an experience for the participants

Question 3

What are other names for qualitative research?

Answer 3

1. Naturalistic
2. Interpretive
3. Grounded Theory
4. Phenomenological
5. Ethnographic
6. Participant Observational Research

Question 4

What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative research concerning research focus?

Answer 4

Qualitative: quality (nature, essence)

Quantitative: quantity (how much/many)

Question 5

What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative research concerning associated phrases?

Answer 5

Qualitative: fieldwork, naturalistic, subjective

Quantitative: experimental, empirical (based on data), statistical

Question 6

What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative research concerning goals?

Answer 6

Qualitative: understanding, description, hypothesis gathering, discovery

Quantitative: prediction, control, description, hypothesis testing

Question 7

What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative research concerning design characteristics?

Answer 7

Qualitative: flexible, evolving

Quantitative: predetermined, structured

Question 8

What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative research concerning setting?

Answer 8

Qualitative: natural, familiar

Quantitative: unfamiliar, artificial

Question 9

What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative research concerning sample?

Answer 9

Qualitative: small, non-random, purposive (gives the most info)

Quantitative: large, random, representative

Question 10

What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative research concerning data collection?

Answer 10

Qualitative: researcher is the primary instrument, observation

Quantitative: inanimate objects collect data

Question 11

What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative research concerning mode of analysis?

Answer 11

Qualitative: inductive by researcher

Quantitative: deductive by statistical methods

Question 12

What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative research concerning findings?

Answer 12

Qualitative: comprehensive, expansive

Quantitative: precise, narrow

Question 13

What does inductive mean?

Answer 13

Specific to general

Question 14

What does deductive mean?

Answer 14

General to specific

Question 15

What are the procedures in qualitative research?

Answer 15

1. Define the problem
2. Formulate questions and theoretical framework
3. Collect data

Question 16

What is important when collecting data?

Answer 16

1. Training the researcher and piloting the questions
2. Selecting purposive subjects
3. Entering the setting

Question 17

What are the three major methods of data collection?

Answer 17

1. Interviews
2. Focus Groups
3. Observation

Question 18

Describe interviews.

Answer 18

1. Most common
2. Can be highly structured or open-ended
3. Must have practice (pilot study)
4. Must appear nonjudgmental
5. Should be video recorded

Question 19

Describe focus groups.

Answer 19

1. The group must be homogenous
2. Can be less intimidating unless the topic is controversial
3. You are not trying to reach a consensus
4. Should be video recorded

Question 20

Describe observations

Answer 20

Usually fieldwork

Question 21

How do you analyze data?

Answer 21

1. Data Reduction
2. Sorting, analyzing, and categorizing
3. Interpreting the data

Question 22

What is involved in data reduction?

Answer 22

1. Transcribing
2. Confirm for accuracy

Question 23

What are you looking for when sorting, analyzing, and categorizing

Answer 23

Looking for themes and common words

Question 24

Instead of validity and reliability, what is used in qualitative research?

Answer 24

Trustworthiness

Question 25

What is trustworthiness?

Answer 25

It is used to describe the overall quality of the results

Question 26

What is Credibility?

Answer 26

When the participants and setting are accurately described

Question 27

What is transferability?

Answer 27

Results can be transferred to other settings

Question 28

What is confirmability?

Answer 28

If readers feel the results are reliable

Question 29

What methods help show trustworthiness?

Answer 29

1. Prolonged engagement 2. Audit Trail 3. Rich, Thick Description 4. Clarification of Research Bias 5. Triangulation 6. Negative Case Check 7. Member Check 8. Peer Debriefing

Question 30

What is prolonged engagement?

Answer 30

Showing there was enough time spent with participants to form an in-depth understanding

Question 31

What is an audit trial?

Answer 31

Changes that were made during the study and how they influenced the study

Question 32

What is a rich, thick description?

Answer 32

This is used to help readers understand the study and to make sure there is enough information for a study

Question 33

What is clarification of research bias?

Answer 33

The research acknowledges their biases and how they work to control them

Question 34

What is triagulation?

Answer 34

Using multiple sources of evidence to support a conclusion

Question 35

What is negative case check?

Answer 35

If the results of the research are as persuasive as the researcher thought (are the results because they are there or because they want to see them)

Question 36

What is member check?

Answer 36

The researcher shares the conclusions with participants to see if they agree with the results

Question 37

What is peer debriefing?

Answer 37

another person who has been trained on what you are studying looks at your conclusions and challenges them