Qualitative Research

Question 1

what is qualitative research?

Answer 1

no numerical data, all descriptive data

“examines data for patterns, common themes, and relationships bw phenomena”

Question 2

what are the characteristics of qualitative research?

Answer 2

concerned with events and human interactions w/in the natural context

seeks deep understanding of a phenomenon through narrative description

naturalistic, interpretive research approach

“insider perspective”

Question 3

what is emic?

Answer 3

insider’s perspective

perspective focus on the intrinsic cultural distinctions that are meaningful to members of a given society

Question 4

what is etic?

Answer 4

perspective of an outsider looking in

researcher-oriented

attempts to be culturally neutral, interpret culture impartially

Question 5

what are the 3 “legs” of evidence based practice?

Answer 5

best available research evidence

clinician’s knowledge and skills

pt’s wants and needs

Question 6

what are the 4 assumptions of qualitative research?

Answer 6

1) complexity of human behavior
2) importance of context
3) multiple realities
4) dependence of knowledge

Question 7

what does complexity of human behavior mean?

Answer 7

human behavior extends beyond what can be observed and objectively measured

behavior is dynamic, situation, social, and personal

human behaviors have meanings and are reflective of ppl beyond what we can measure

there are meanings behind behaviors

Question 8

what does importance of context mean?

Answer 8

the world and ppl’s experiences cannot be separated

human behaviors can only be understood in context

norms, traditions, roles, and values are crucial contextual variables

Question 9

what does multiple realities mean?

Answer 9

humans perceive and interpret reality differently based on the context and their past experiences

an objective event that happens is perceived differently by different people

Question 10

what does dependence of knowledge mean?

Answer 10

knowledge is time and context dependent

Question 11

what is the research purpose of qualitative research?

Answer 11

to explore/discover ideas

explain/understand phenomenon

seeking to understand the emic

subjective, holistic (context and perceptions)

Question 12

what is the research purpose of quantitative research?

Answer 12

to test pre-specified concepts of hypotheses

objective, particularistic

count and classify features

examine relationships and causation

Question 13

what is the research question of qualitative research?

Answer 13

“what is it like to be…?”

“what is the experience of…?”

“what motivates participation in…?”

“what contributes to perception of QOL…?”

Question 14

what is the research question of quantitative research?

Answer 14

“what is the difference bw…?”

“what is the relationship bw…?”

Question 15

what is the research design of qualitative research?

Answer 15

inductive

more in depth info

flexible

Question 16

what is the research design of quantitative research?

Answer 16

deductive process

more breadth of info (bugger data set is better)

highly structures and laid out in advance

hypothesis dictates experiment

Question 17

what are common examples of research designs in qualitative research?

Answer 17

ethnography

phenomenology

case studies

action research (QI/QA)

Delphi

Question 18

what is purposive sampling?

Answer 18

hand picking to best rep the culture/experience

Question 19

what is data saturation?

Answer 19

how we know the sampling is enough in qualitative research

Question 20

what determines the sample size in qualitative research?

Answer 20

data saturation

Question 21

what determines the sample size in quantitative research?

Answer 21

power analysis

Question 22

what are the research methods in qualitative research?

Answer 22

unstructured/semi-structured techniques w/in the natural context/setting

interview, observation, focus group, survey/questionnaire

asks open ended questions to explore behavior/phenomenon

Question 23

what are the research methods in quantitative research?

Answer 23

highly structures methods for numeric info

asks questions that give quantifiable answers

Question 24

does qualitative research follow a hypothesis?

Answer 24

nope

Question 25

which type of research is more subjective?

Answer 25

qualitative

Question 26

what type of research is highly structured?

Answer 26

quantitative

Question 27

what are the types of data and data analysis for qualitative research?

Answer 27

text-based, descriptive search for themes, patterns, and linkage in the text analysis occurs concurrently w/data collection and shapes the ongoing research (very flexible design)

Question 28

what are the types of data and data analysis for quantitative research?

Answer 28

numeric, measurable quantify behaviors, and other variables statistical tests everything is quantified

Question 29

what conclusions can we make from qualitative research?

Answer 29

primarily inductive process less generalizable - more context dependent more subjective

Question 30

what conclusions can we make from quantitative research?

Answer 30

primarily deductive process more generalizable - not context specific more objective

Question 31

what is the role of the researcher in qualitative research?

Answer 31

primary research instrument everything is filtered through the lens of the researcher involved as a participant or observer

Question 32

what is the role of the researcher in quantitative research?

Answer 32

objective-not part of the study no participation documentation using objective language

Question 33

what is the reliability and validity of qualitative research?

Answer 33

largely depends on the skill and rigor of the researcher

Question 34

what is the reliability and validity of quantitative research?

Answer 34

largely depends on the accuracy of the measurement device or instrument used (internal/external validity)

Question 35

what are the strengths of qualitative research?

Answer 35

researchers gain insider perspective useful for explaining/ understanding phenomenon allows for ambiguities or contraindications in the data

Question 36

what are the strengths of quantitative research?

Answer 36

scientific objectivity useful for testing and validating hypotheses less susceptible to ambiguities of interpretations replication and generalizability

Question 37

what are the limitations of qualitative research?

Answer 37

difficult to replicate or generalize small scale data sets level of expertise and time required for data collection, analysis, and interpretation

Question 38

what are the limitations of quantitative research?

Answer 38

variability of data quantity (need large data set for accurate analysis) context not included

Question 39

why are both qualitative and quantitative research important?

Answer 39

bc not everything that can be counted counts, and not everything that counts can be counted

Question 40

choosing a research paradigm depends on what two things?

Answer 40

1) what is being studied 2) the nature of the research question