Qualitative Research

Question 1

Why are qualitative methods used

Answer 1

. Little known about a subject
. Can't be meaningfully measured 
. In depth data
. Holistic 
. Emic

Question 2

What is constructivism

Answer 2

. Believe we construct our social worlds

. We invent reality and property of our world

Question 3

What is interpretation

Answer 3

. We Interoperate events differently

Question 4

How is data collected in qualitative data

Answer 4

. Interviews

. Observation

Question 5

What are qualitative methodology

Answer 5

Ethnography
Phenomenology
Grounded theory

Question 6

What is ethnography

Answer 6

. Study of culture

Question 7

What is phenomenology

Answer 7

. Study of phenomena, lived experience of individuals

Question 8

What is grounded theory

Answer 8

. Specific set of methods to generate a theory

Question 9

What is a snowball sample

Answer 9

Asking ps for similar ps

Question 10

What is purposive sampling

Answer 10

. Maximum variation sampling

. Most informative

Question 11

What guides sample size in qualitative research

Answer 11

. Data saturation

Question 12

What is qualitative research

Answer 12

Research which doesn’t measure, but is interested in individuals social worlds

Question 13

What are the methods of data collection (2)

Answer 13

. Observation

. Interview

Question 14

How can you record observations

Answer 14

. Audio

. Notes

Question 15

What is a bonus of active listening in an interview

Answer 15

. Encourage convo and long answers
. No judgement passed
. Use of probes for more detail

Question 16

What are the two types of interview questions

Answer 16

. Introducing questions

. Probes

Question 17

What are strengths of focus group interviews

Answer 17

. Useful for sensitive topics

. Good for discussion

Question 18

What’s he purpose in analysing qualitative data

Answer 18

. To reduce data and impose order
. Develop theory
. Develop hypotheses

Question 19

How is qualitative data analysed

Answer 19

. Counting e.g no of times something said
. Rigorous and honestly
. Quasi counting e.g most ps said

Question 20

What are challenges for qualitative researchers analysing data

Answer 20

. No rules
. No statistical package to do it for you
. Makes qual data difficult to describe
. Labour intensive
. Hard to present
. Can lose meaning if summarised too much

Question 21

What is thermatic content analysis

Answer 21

. Go through line by line looking for common themes

. Themed that cop up are commonalities

Question 22

What is framework analysis

Answer 22

. Take a framework to the data and put the data into categories
. Framework can come from pre-existing theory or initial thermatic analysis

Question 23

Why are qualitative studies accused of lacking rigour

Answer 23

. Small sample sizes and lack of clarity in data collections nod analysis.
. Position in the hierarchy of evidence

Question 24

Terms to assess quality of qual subdued

Answer 24

. Rigour (trustworthy)
. Reliability (dependability)
. Internal validity (credibility)
. Generalisability (transferability)
. Objectivity (confirm ability)

Question 25

What is trustworthiness

Answer 25

. Methodological soundness and adequacy . Dependability . Audit trial?

Question 26

How does a researcher ensure trustworthiness

Answer 26

. Member checking . Check researchers interpretation . Give ps a chance to challenge researcher idea . Avoid misrepresentation of words or ideas

Question 27

What are negative cases of rival explanation

Answer 27

. Identification of data that Buck trend . Don't fit explanations or challenge themes . Researcher has to ask why and consider revising their interpretation

Question 28

What is peer review

Answer 28

Asking another researcher to analyse

Question 29

What is triangulation

Answer 29

Examining a topic from different perspectives

Question 30

What is data triangulation

Answer 30

Different groups and times and settings

Question 31

What is methodological triangulation

Answer 31

Two or more method

Question 32

What is reflexivity

Answer 32

. Bring own biography to the research | . Reflect on pre conceptions, our own actions and feelings

Question 33

What are the 10 CASP questions

Answer 33

. Clear statement of aims? . Qualitative method appropriate ? . Research design appropriate to address aims . Recruitment strategy appropriate to aims? . Data collected in a way which addressed issue? Relationship between researcher and ps adequately considered? . Ethical issue taken into consideration? . Data analysis sufficiently rigorous? . Clear statement of findings? . How valuable is the research?