Qualitative Research Methods 2

Question 1

How do we sample in qualitative research?

Answer 1

Between 4 and 40 participants
Theoretical sampling constructs a theoretically meaningful sample to develop a theory
Inclusion criteria - Researchers choose individuals who will provide info rich cases

Question 2

What are the recruitment strategies?

Answer 2

Criterion-based sampling - predetermined criteria
Snowball sampling - participants direct the researcher to other participants
Total population sampling - everyone who is involved with you topic of study

Question 3

What is thematic analysis?

Answer 3

Organises and describes the data set meaningfully in relation to the research question
TA is used to identifying, analysing and reporting patterns
Explicit and implicit ideas

Question 4

When is thematic analysis used?

Answer 4

To understand a pre determined idea
Develop new ideas
Explore patterns and meaning emerging or constructed from data

Question 5

What are some of the different approaches to TA?

Answer 5

Braun and Clark (2006) - Familiarisation, initial codes, themes, review, define, write
Sparkes and Smith (2014) - Phase 1 - immersion Phase 2- initial codes Phase 3 - identify themes, creating visual maps
Phase 4 - review themes

Question 6

Outline analysis stage 1

Answer 6

Transcription - converting speech into text for analysis
Verbatim - not paraphrased
Accurate - recording the words of both researcher and respondent

Question 7

Outline analysis stage 2

Answer 7

Coding - pull apart data
Code - description attached to a piece of data which can be later related to a theme
Systematically identifies patterns
Reduces the data set into chunks

Question 8

How do we code data?

Answer 8

Working through text and colour coding them
Cutting and sorting
Post it notes
Notes in margins
CAQADS Computer assisted qualitative data analysis software

Question 9

What are the types of codes?

Answer 9

Semantic (data derived) - Summary of explicit content - semantic meaning
Latent (researcher derived)- Beyond the explicit content

Question 10

Outline analysis stage 3

Answer 10

Identifying themes
Patterns across data sets that are important
Categorise codes that fit together
Commonly recurring topics
Can some codes be grouped?

Question 11

Outline stages 4 and 5

Answer 11

Reviewing and labelling
2 key concepts - constant comparison - compare codes to generate common themes
Thick description - enough for reader to get context

Question 12

What is visual mapping?

Answer 12

Condenses large amount of data
Making sense of the relationship of codes and themes
Start to see patterns
Facilitates the writing process and understanding for the reader

Question 13

Outline stage 6

Answer 13

Interpreting and writing up
You need to show why the theme is important, what we can learn from it
Quotes from transcripts act as evidence for your theme development

Question 14

What makes good research?

Answer 14

Rigor - can be judged in many ways but describes the trustworthiness in research

Question 15

Outline the parallel concepts between quantitative and qualitative

Answer 15

Reliability - Dependability
Objectivity - confirmability
Validity - Transferability and credibility

Question 16

What are the Eight Big Tent criteria?

Answer 16

1. Worthy topic
2. Rich rigor
3. Sincerity
4. Credibility
5. Resonance
6. Significant contribution
7. Ethical
8. Meaningful coherence