Quality

Question 1

Quality characteristics classifying the product as conforming or nonconforming are what type?

Answer 1

Attributes

Question 2

Attributes charts are generally more informative than variables charts because there is more information classifying a unit as conforming or nonconforming.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

In the design matrix, the product of any two columns results in what?

Answer 3

A column in the table

Question 4

The goal of any experimental design is to express the relationship between main effects and response as a quantitative model such as what?

Answer 4

Regression Model

Question 5

What is a key characteristic important to the customers perception of quality is called?

Answer 5

Critical to Quality Characteristic

Question 6

Which of the following is not one of the SPIOC process analysis?

Answer 6

Project

Question 7

Which of the following is not one of the primary analytic tools used in Quality Improvement?

Answer 7

Circuit Design

Question 8

Who popularized continuous quality improvement by promoting the PDCA cycle?

Answer 8

W. Edwards Deming

Question 9

The Total Cost of Quality (CoQ) is defined by which choice?

Answer 9

Cost of Poor Quality + Prevention Costs + Appraisal Costs

Question 10

The Union of Japanese Scientists and Engineers established the first prize for quality named after what prominent influencer?

Answer 10

Deming

Question 11

Deming’s 14 points were often cited as transformational quality improvement approaches. Which one of the following is not one of the 14 points?

Answer 11

Quality is Free

Question 12

When estimating the sigma level, when do we use the 1.5 x Sigma shift?

Answer 12

Short term v Long term measurements

Question 13

The rule characterizing processes less than 3 sigma is generally referred to as?

Answer 13

68-95-99.7

Question 14

The standard deviation as an indication of?

Answer 14

Spread

Question 15

If 100 Units enter a process, and 95 good units are produced as a an output, what is the First Time Yield?

Answer 15

95%

Question 16

Lean production innovation began at what company?

Answer 16

Toyota

Question 17

Lean production focuses on?

Answer 17

Reducing Waste

Question 18

Lean and Six Sigma are combined into a unified methodology call Lean Six-Sigma, which is focused on?

Answer 18

Reduce Waste and Reduce Variation

Question 19

DMAIC is a structured problem solving process associated with six sigma methodology.

Answer 19

True

Question 20

DMAIC stands for?

Answer 20

Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control

Question 21

The equation Y=f(x) is referred to in Lean Six Sigma terms as?

Answer 21

Breakthrough Equation

Question 22

In lean six sigma, anything that does not increase value in the eye of the customer must be considered?

Answer 22

Mude

Question 23

In the lean six-sigma approach, Failure Mode Effects Analysis (FMEA) is a tool used to prioritize potential sources of variability, failures, errors or defects in of what DMAIC phase?

Answer 23

Analyze

Question 24

The define phase of DMAIC often includes the following characterization.

Answer 24

SPIOC

Question 25

Which of the following is not part of the 5S method?

Answer 25

Simplfy

Question 26

Who pioneered Lean production by characterizing 7 forms of "Muda" or waste?

Answer 26

Taiichi Ohno

Question 27

Which of the following is not one of the forms of waste addressed with Lean Six Sigma?

Answer 27

Production

Question 28

What DMAIC phase is critical data typically gathered for use in lean six-sigma projects?

Answer 28

Measure

Question 29

Statistical methods such as hypothesis testing, control charts, ANOVA, Regression, etc. are extremely important tools that a primarily used in this DMAIC phase.

Answer 29

Analyze

Question 30

Kaizen is a methodology embraced within lean six sigma and is characterized by gradual incremental improvements and using input from the workers to make improvement. What does the Japanese word Kaizen mean in English?

Answer 30

Good Change

Question 31

When formulating improvements using the DMAIC methodology which statistical tool can be very usefull?

Answer 31

Design of Experiments

Question 32

What is a primary statistical tool used in the control phase of DMAIC?

Answer 32

Control Charts

Question 33

At what phase of the DMAIC process is a process redesign likely to take place?

Answer 33

Improvement

Question 34

What data is most likely to be collected in the define phase?

Answer 34

Voice of the customer

Question 35

One very useful graphical method in statistics characterized by breaking the data into two parts, one part with the leading digit and the second part with the remaining digits is called a?

Answer 35

Steam-and-Leaf plot

Question 36

The sample median of a distribution is also know as?

Answer 36

Fiftieth Percentile 2nd Quartile

Question 37

The interquartile range, or IQR, is computed as?

Answer 37

Q3-Q1

Question 38

Bar charts and histogram are the same chart?

Answer 38

fALSE

Question 39

When a parameter being measured can only take on certain values, such as integers 0,1,2 ..., what is the probability distribution called?

Answer 39

Discrete Distribution

Question 40

A collection of measurements selected from some larger measurements is called what?

Answer 40

Sample

Question 41

What is the distribution commonly used to model the number of defects or nonconformities that occur in a unit of product?

Answer 41

Poisson

Question 42

In a Binomial distribution we fix the sample size (number of Bernoulli trials) and observe the number of successes, with what distribution do we fix the number of successes and observed the sample size required to achieve them?

Answer 42

Negative Binomial

Question 43

What is the probability that the normal random variable is less than some value?

Answer 43

Cumulative Normal Distribution

Question 44

What distribution has a shape parameter r, and a scale parameter λ and appears visually similar to this diagram?

Answer 44

Gamma

Question 45

What distribution has a parameter β, reduces to the Exponential distribution when β = 1, and appears as shown below?

Answer 45

Weibull

Question 46

What distribution approximates the Binomial Distribution where the number of trials n is large?

Answer 46

Normal

Question 47

If x is a standard normal random variable and if y is a chi-square random variable with k degrees of freedom, and x and y are independent, then what distribution does the following random variable have? random variable ~ x/sqrt(y/k)

Answer 47

T-Distribution

Question 48

If w and y are two independent chi-square random variable with u and v degrees of freedom respectively, then what is the distribution of the following? random variable ~ (w/u)/(y/v)

Answer 48

F-Distribution

Question 49

In hypothesis testing, the set of values of the test statistic leading to rejection of the null hypothesis is called what?

Answer 49

Critical Region

Question 50

(Inference on the mean of a distribution with the variance unknown) Consider the random variable x, with unknown mean μ and known variance σ2 . Suppose that a random sample of n observations is taken, e.g. x1, x2, ... , xn and we compute x¯. Then a 100(1-α)% two sided Confidence Interval of μ is based on what distribution? x¯ = Z α/2 σ/sqrt(n) ≤ μ ≤ x¯ + Z α/2 σ/sqrt(n)

Answer 50

Standard Normal Distribution

Question 51

What value is the smallest level of significance that would lead to rejection of the null hypothesis?

Answer 51

p-value

Question 52

(Inference on the Variance of Two Normal Distributions) Consider the hypothesis that the variances of two independent normal distributions are equal. If we construct a test with the ratio of the two variances what distribution is used for the test statistic?

Answer 52

F-Distribution

Question 53

Any regression model is a linear model so long as it is linear in what parameters?

Answer 53

Betas

Question 54

Regression is a useful technique in quality engineering reflected in the model: y = β0 + β1 x1 + β2 x2 + ϵ In this model what does β0 represent?

Answer 54

Intercept of the Plane

Question 55

Regression is a useful technique in quality engineering reflected in the model: y = β0 + β1 x1 + β2 x2 + ϵ In this model what does y represent?

Answer 55

Response Variable

Question 56

What statistical analysis technique is used two compare the means when there are more than two levels of a single factor?

Answer 56

ANOVA

Question 57

We may describe the single factor model observations as a linear statistical model yij = μ + τij + ϵij for i = 1,2,...,a and j = 1,2,..., n What does ϵ represent

Answer 57

Random Error

Question 58

What are levels of factors sometimes called?

Answer 58

Treatments

Question 59

A control chart will detect what type of out of control cause?

Answer 59

Assignable Cause

Question 60

In addition to Control Limits, limits are sometimes added at +/- 2 Sigma known as what?

Answer 60

Warning Limits

Question 61

The X-bar charts computes control limits using an estimate of sigma based on the Range average; SigmaHat = Rbar/Constant, where the Constant varies by the number of observations and is looked up in the Appendix; that constant is what?

Answer 61

d2

Question 62

The control chart for the fraction nonconforming is called what?

Answer 62

p chart

Question 63

A control chart for nonconformities per unit is what?

Answer 63

u chart

Question 64

The Shewhart control chart is effective in detecting shifts in the process if the magnitude of the shift is what?

Answer 64

1.5 sigma or larger

Question 65

The CSUM control chart is very effective in detecting small shifts however not as effective as the Shewhart chart in detecting large shifts. An approach to improving the ability of the CSUM control chart to detect large process shifts is to use what?

Answer 65

Combined CSUM & Shewhart

Question 66

The weights of the EWMA tend to decline in what way with time?

Answer 66

Geometrically

Question 67

A process having many variables may be in statistical control but still has poor capability. In order to establish which variables are most important a valuable in improving process capability is what technique?

Answer 67

Design of Experiments

Question 68

Experimental design may be used in the process of Engineering Design in all of the following except which one?

Answer 68

Determining schedule delays

Question 69

As the number of factors in a 2^k design increases, the number of runs required increases rapidly. If we can assume a principle of Sparsity of Effects where higher order interactions are negligible, then a more efficient technique using fewer than 2^k runs can be used, is known as what?

Answer 69

Fractional Factorial

Question 70

A one half fraction of the 2^k factorial design contains how many runs?

Answer 70

k-1

Question 71

During a validation, you’re having to build hundreds of samples to satisfy the requirements in the validation protocol. This requires you to constantly start and stop the automated equipment to take samples from the line. A maintenance technician suggests that you bypass the safety curtain around your equipment to speed up the process. What element of the code of ethics might be in violation here?

Answer 71

Responsibility