Quality Assessment

Question 1

System of ensuring precision and accuracy, it is q system of technique to ensure with a specified degrees of confidence

Answer 1

Quality control

Question 2

Overall program , more process oriented

Answer 2

Quality assurance

Question 3

Laboratory workflow

Answer 3

Pre analytical phase
Analytical phase
Post analytical phase

Question 4

Parameters of quality control

Answer 4

Sensitivity
Specificity

Question 5

The ability of a method to detect and measure even the smallest amount of the particular substance tested for

Answer 5

Sensitivity

Question 6

Measure minute concentration of the analyte

Answer 6

Analytical sensitivity

Question 7

Test must always give a positive result in the presence of the disease

Answer 7

Diagnostic sensitivity

Question 8

The ability of a method to measure only the component desired without interference of some substances

Answer 8

Specificity

Question 9

Measure only one unknown substance

Answer 9

Analytical specificity

Question 10

Must always give a negative result in the absence of disease

Answer 10

Diagnostic specificity

Question 11

Positive result that also have disease

Answer 11

True positive

Question 12

Negative test result and do not have disease

Answer 12

True negative

Question 13

Positive test result but do not have disease

Answer 13

False positive

Question 14

Negative test result but have the disease

Answer 14

False negative

Question 15

Exact value of the substance of interest in the sample

It is the closeness or the nearness of a test value to the original value

Answer 15

Accuracy

Question 16

Give repeated results on the same sample that agrees with one another.

Answer 16

Precision

Question 17

Ability of method to have the same results

Answer 17

Reproducibility

Question 18

Degree by which a method is easily repeated with less effort

Answer 18

Practicality

Question 19

When to perform quality control

Answer 19

Beginning of each shift
New instrument
After an instrument is serviced
When reagent lots are changed
After calibration
Whenever patient results seem inappropriate

Question 20

Purposes of quality control

Answer 20

To check the stability of machine
To check the quality of reagents
To check for technical or clerical error if any was committed by the operator

Question 21

• For accuracy
• a solution of known characteristics and known value
• one known constituent only and used as a basis of reference
• 100% pure

Answer 21

Standard solution

Question 22

• for precision
• a solution composed of several known constituents which can be run simultaneously
• liquid or lyophilized
• stable for a long period of time

Answer 22

Control solution

Question 23

-Solution without specimens
- It sets the spectrophotometer reading to zero.
- distilled water as reagent blank vs specific reagent

Answer 23

Blank solution

Question 24

Type of error which varies from sample to sample, variation in technique

Answer 24

Random error

Question 25

Cause of random error:

Answer 25

Mislabeling a sample Improper mixing of sample Pipetting error

Question 26

Type of error that influences observations consistently in one direction, constant difference

Answer 26

Systematic error

Question 27

Cause of systematic error

Answer 27

Deterioration of reagents Sample instability

Question 28

Highest frequency of this type of error occurs with the use of handwritten labels and request form

Answer 28

Clerical error

Question 29

It is the measure of central tendency

Answer 29

Mean

Question 30

It is the measure of spread of data, describe the normal curve, measure of the distribution range

Answer 30

Standard Deviation

Question 31

It is the percentile expression of the mean, an index of precision

Answer 31

Coefficient of variation

Question 32

Statement of variability and measures the significant differences between groups of data

Answer 32

Variance

Question 33

It demonstrates acceptable limits of variation in the result of an analytical method

Answer 33

Shewart- Levey Jennings Chart

Question 34

It occurs when data elements are centered around the mean with the most elements close to the mean

Answer 34

Gaussian Curve

Question 35

Plotted with the accumulated differences between QC results and the target means

Answer 35

Cumulative Sum graph

Question 36

It is used to compare results obtained on a high and low control serum from different laboratories

Answer 36

Youden plot

Question 37

When the values of the control fall within the confidence limit

Answer 37

In control

Question 38

When the values of the control fall outside the confidence limit

Answer 38

Out of control

Question 39

Types of error in control charts

Answer 39

Trend Shift Outliers

Question 40

Formed by controlled values that is either increase or decrease for at least 6 consecutive days

Answer 40

Trend

Question 41

Formed by controlled values that distribute themselves on one side of the mean for at least 6 consecutive days

Answer 41

Shift

Question 42

These are control values that are far from the main set of values

Answer 42

Outliers

Question 43

Types of quality control program

Answer 43

Internal quality program Enternal quality program

Question 44

Analysis or comparison of in-house controls and patient samples

Answer 44

Internal QC

Question 45

For proficiency testing

Answer 45

External QC