quality control - clinical chemistry

Question 1

closeness of the result to the true value

Answer 1

accuracy

Question 2

the goal of good quality control program

Answer 2

results within narrow, useable and acceptable limits

Question 3

ensures precision and accuracy of the quantitation in clinical chemistry

Answer 3

quality control

Question 4

ability of repeated test results to be close to each other; closeness of one test result to another

Answer 4

precision

Question 5

ability to determine particular substance

Answer 5

specificity

Question 6

ability to detect and measure the smallest measurement of a substance and used to determine the significant deviation

Answer 6

sensitivity

Question 7

formula for sensitivity

Answer 7

+/- x 100

Question 8

to be able to easily repeat the result

Answer 8

practicability

Question 9

maintain the precision and accuracy of the test results after different variations

Answer 9

reliability

Question 10

quality control in a certain laboratory to check if day to day performance deviates from the standard

Answer 10

intralaboratory

Question 11

several laboratories must yield the same test results

Answer 11

interlaboratory

Question 12

characteristics of serum to be pooled

Answer 12

clear
nonhemolyzed
nonlipemic
nonicteric
undyed

Question 13

examples of commercially prepared control

Answer 13

Versatrol
Labtrol
Enzatrol
Manitrol

Question 14

examples of non-commercially prepared controls

Answer 14

Fasting human donor
Left over sera
Animal blood
Blood bank plasma (expired)

Question 15

sum of data divided by total number of data

Answer 15

mean

Question 16

percentile expression of mean which shows relative magnitude variability

Answer 16

CV

Question 17

random variation; measures the distribution of range values around the mean

Answer 17

SD

Question 18

variability and shows significant differences of groups of data

Answer 18

variance

Question 19

premise the allowable error

Answer 19

tonks formula

Question 20

causes of trend

Answer 20

deterioration of reagents
changes on the concentration of standard
incomplete protein precipitation

Question 21

causes of shift

Answer 21

deterioration of standard but constant level
newly made standard but at low concentration
reagent has shifted therefore new level of sensitivity

Question 22

six or more consecutive control values going up or down the mean

Answer 22

trend

Question 23

six or more consecutive control values on the same side of the mean; abrupt changes

Answer 23

shift

Question 24

values are far from the main set of values

Answer 24

outliers

Question 25

outlier is rejected when

Answer 25

2 or more outliers in 20 days

Question 26

when to accept outliers

Answer 26

if 1 outlier in 20 days

Question 27

correction in random error

Answer 27

reassay using the same reagent

Question 28

causes of random error

Answer 28

mislabeling of sample mixing of sample and reagent pipetting errors temp and voltage fluctuation

Question 29

types of systematic error

Answer 29

aging phenomenon | personal bias

Question 30

causes of systematic error

Answer 30

``` improper calibration deteriorate reagents sample instability (unstable sample) instrument drift changes in standard material ```

Question 31

correction of systematic error

Answer 31

prepare new control restandardize assay check the wavelength prepare new reagents

Question 32

what are clerical errors

Answer 32

wrong punching, calculations

Question 33

evaluating the reliability of laboratory results

Answer 33

proficiency survey

Question 34

when DOP does not offer such test for a specimen, this will be sent to Hi-Precision

Answer 34

send-out specimens

Question 35

abrupt changes in referrals:

Answer 35

changes in the previous result | changes in the normal values (mean becomes increased or decreased)

Question 36

T/F: always prioritize emergency and icu ward's specimens first

Answer 36

T

Question 37

Do not render send-out specimens such as: _______ and _______

Answer 37

ionized calcium and lipase

Question 38

should you centrifuge serum specimens?

Answer 38

no to avoid hemolysis

Question 39

who to inform when TDM is requested?

Answer 39

pre-analytic staff for this patient may be taking lithium or valproic acid

Question 40

if TDM is encountered, what should we take note?

Answer 40

ask for: time and date of extraction dosage of drugs time when was the drug taken

Question 41

A1 in intern's designation is responsible for

Answer 41

pre-analytic analysis (bali they ensure if the specimen could be used if not edi reject)

Question 42

A2 in intern's designation is responsible for

Answer 42

analytic receptionist

Question 43

who to inform when troponin I, iron studies and such are requested?

Answer 43

inform the staff on duty

Question 44

if test request have both send-out request and chemistry request from the lab, who to inform?

Answer 44

staff on duty

Question 45

B intern is responsible for?

Answer 45

incharge of TAT logging (turn around time)

Question 46

if missing entries are found in the TAT, who to inform?

Answer 46

staff on duty

Question 47

C intern is incharge of?

Answer 47

result warderer

Question 48

when to ask for staff on duty for his/her sign? how about resident on duty?

Answer 48

if results are correct - for staff on duty | if troponin or referrals are already added from the logbooks - resident on duty

Question 49

Intern E is assigned as:

Answer 49

in the immunology section

Question 50

T/F: in the morning chemistry staff is available while during the night, immunology staff is available

Answer 50

F since chemistry is available during the night time since immunology staff are only available during day time

Question 51

principles used by VITROS 5, 1 MACHINE

Answer 51

potentiometric, colorimetric, turbidimetric, immunorate

Question 52

VITROS 3600 in immunology

Answer 52

enhanced chemiluminescence using microwell technology