Quantitative Method

Question 1

-The measurement scale in which numbers are assigned to the variable values in such a way that data can be ranked, differences are meaningful is called Interval scale. Here the „zero‟ values are not absolutely „zero‟. (Zero are meaningless).

Answer 1

Interval Scale – Quantitative Data

Question 2

The first step involves defining what you want to investigate.

Answer 2

Identifying the Problem/Research Question

Question 3

Types of Research

Answer 3

1.Basic (Fundamental) Research
2.Applied Research
3.Qualitative Research
4.Quantitative Research

Question 4

it is the grouping of category defined by a lower limits and the upper limit

Answer 4

Class Interval ( CI ) or Class width

Question 5

It is usually denoted by capital “N”.

Answer 5

Population Size

Question 6

Drawing conclusions based on the analysis and considering implications for further research.

Answer 6

Conclusion

Question 7

Research helps us to expand our understanding of the world around us.

Answer 7

Generating Knowledge

Question 8

This is the largest value that can belong
to a class interval.

Answer 8

Upper Class Limit

Question 9

-The measurement scale in which numbers are assigned to the variable values in such a way that data can be ranked, differences are meaningful and there is a true „Zero‟ , is called Ratio scale. The ratios exist between the different units of measure.

Answer 9

Ratio Scale- Quantitative Data

Question 10

Researchers should report findings truthfully and accurately

Answer 10

Integrity and Honesty

Question 11

Research can be a long process, often taking years to complete.

Answer 11

Time Constraints

Question 12

This is the smallest value that can
belong to a class interval.

Answer 12

Lower Class Limit

Question 13

Source of Data

Answer 13

1. Primary data
2. Secondary data

Question 14

Involves numerical data to identify patterns or test hypotheses. Relies on statistical analysis to draw conclusions

Answer 14

Quantitative Research

Question 15

is a characteristic often but not always quantitatively measured, containing two or more values or categories that can vary from person to person, place to place and time to time.

Answer 15

Variable

Question 16

Challenges in Research

Answer 16

Funding and Resources
Time Constraints
Ethical Dilemmas
Bias and Errors

Question 17

A population having a finite number of units or individuals or items.

Answer 17

Finite population

Question 18

Scales of measurement

Answer 18

i. Nominal Scale - Qualitative Data
ii. Ordinal Scale - Qualitative Data
iii. Interval Scale – Quantitative Data
iv. Ratio Scale- Quantitative Data

Question 19

Research uncovers new facts, technologies, and ideas, driving progress in all sectors

Answer 19

Advancing Knowledge

Question 20

Ethics in Research

Answer 20

Informed Consent
Confidentiality
Integrity and Honesty
Avoiding Bias

Question 21

Types of Classes

Answer 21

Inclusive type
Exclusive type

Question 22

Securing adequate funding and access to tools can be
challenging

Answer 22

Funding and Resources

Question 23

Focuses on solving practical problems. Often used to develop new products, processes, or technologies

Answer 23

Applied Research

Question 24

Focuses on gaining a deeper understanding of phenomena. Not always aimed at immediate application

Answer 24

Basic (Fundamental) Research

Question 25

Number of individual or items in the sample.

Answer 25

Sample Size

Question 26

is the process of summarizing classified on group data in the form of a table, so that it is easily understood, and an investigator is quickly able to locate the desired information. A table is a systematic arrangement of classified data in columns and rows.

Answer 26

Tabulation

Question 27

A testable prediction based on prior knowledge or theory.

Answer 27

Formulating Hypothesis

Question 28

Advances in healthcare, education, and technology improve lives globally

Answer 28

Improving Quality of Life

Question 29

Communicating findings through research papers, presentations or reports

Answer 29

Reporting Results

Question 30

Participants must know the research purpose and risks before agreeing to participate.

Answer 30

Informed Consent

Question 31

the total number of observations that have values less than or equal to specified amount

Answer 31

Cumulative Frequency ( CF )

Question 32

Classification of Variable

Answer 32

- Qualitative/Catagoral - Quantitative/Numerical

Question 33

Research is the foundation for new technologies, treatments, and solutions

Answer 33

Innovation and Development

Question 34

Interviews, focus groups, content analysis, ethnography.

Answer 34

Qualitative Methods

Question 35

A qualitative variable is one for which numerical measurement is not possible.

Answer 35

Qualitative Variable

Question 36

A population having a infinite number of units or individuals or items.

Answer 36

Infinite population

Question 37

refers t the midpoint of the acquired class interval. It is obtained by adding the lower and upper value divided by 2

Answer 37

Class Mark ( x )

Question 38

for data sets with many different values, which are grouped together in the classes.

Answer 38

Grouped Frequency Distribution

Question 39

Importance of Research in Society

Answer 39

Advancing Knowledge Policy Making Improving Quality of Life Economic Growth

Question 40

Surveys, experiments, statistical analysis.

Answer 40

Quantitative Methods

Question 41

Measurement is the assignment of numbers to objects or event according to the rules. With which is compared for measuring is called measurement scale. Variables can be measured under four levels or scales of measurement.

Answer 41

Scales of measurement

Question 42

is a tabular representation or arrangement of data by classes or categories together with their corresponding frequencies.

Answer 42

Frequency Distribution

Question 43

percentage distribution in every class interval

Answer 43

Relative Frequency ( RF )

Question 44

A class interval is defined by two values

Answer 44

Lower Class Limit Upper Class Limit

Question 45

refers to the number of observations belonging to a class interval or the number items within a category

Answer 45

Class frequency ( f )

Question 46

Presentation of Data

Answer 46

a) Classification and Tabulation b) Graphical Presentation

Question 47

means the aggregate of human individuals in a defined area or region.

Answer 47

Population

Question 48

Researchers test theories or assumptions to validate or refine them.

Answer 48

Testing Hypotheses

Question 49

for data sets with few different values. Each value is in its own class.

Answer 49

Ungrouped Frequency Distribution

Question 50

Interpreting the data and looking for patterns, trends, or relationships.

Answer 50

Analysis

Question 51

is a systematic process of inquiry aimed at discovering new knowledge, understanding phenomena, or solving problems through investigation, analysis, and experimentation.

Answer 51

Research

Question 52

is a range of values into which data is grouped for the purpose of organizing, summarizing, and analyzing data efficiently.

Answer 52

Class Interval / Class Limits

Question 53

Combining both qualitative and quantitative approaches to provide a comprehensive understanding.

Answer 53

Mixed Methods

Question 54

Researchers must be careful to minimize errors and personal biases

Answer 54

Bias and Errors

Question 55

Researchers must strive for objectivity and avoid personal bias in research design

Answer 55

Avoiding Bias

Question 56

Research leads to innovations that drive business success and job creation.

Answer 56

Economic Growth

Question 57

The data which are obtained by direct observations from the population or sample is called primary data. The primary data are original in character and not well-organized somehow; primary data are called raw data or original data. The collection of raw data is highly expensive in respective of money, time and labor.

Answer 57

Primary data

Question 58

Research Process

Answer 58

1. Identifying the Problem/Research Question 2. Literature Review 3. Formulating Hypothesis 4. Data Collection 5. Analysis 6. Conclusion 7. Reporting Results

Question 59

both the upper limit and the lower limit are included in the class when grouping values. Useful when grouping a whole numbers or discrete data

Answer 59

Inclusive type

Question 60

it is determined by the difference of highest and lowest values

Answer 60

Range ( R )

Question 61

Ensuring that personal information is kept secure.

Answer 61

Confidentiality

Question 62

Focuses on understanding human experiences, behaviors, and social phenomena. Often involves interviews, case studies, and ethnography.

Answer 62

Qualitative Research

Question 63

Reviewing existing research to understand the background and existing knowledge on the topic

Answer 63

Literature Review

Question 64

Number of individuals/ items in the population.

Answer 64

Population Size

Question 65

Classification is the process of arranging individuals in groups on classes according to their resemblance similarity or identity

Answer 65

Classification and Tabulation

Question 66

Refer to the techniques, strategies, and procedures used to gather data, analyze information, and answer research questions

Answer 66

Research Methods

Question 67

Population can be classified into two groups

Answer 67

1. Finite population 2. Infinite population

Question 68

is one for which the resulting observations, are numeric and posses a natural ordering.

Answer 68

Quantitative Variable

Question 69

The measurement scale in which numbers are assigned to the categories or variables for identification as well as ranking is called Ordinal scale.

Answer 69

Ordinal Scale - Qualitative Data

Question 70

Levels of measurements which classify data in to mutually exclusive and have no logical order, such that, values are assigned to various for identification only.

Answer 70

Nominal Scale - Qualitative Data

Question 71

Ensuring ethical standards are maintained throughout the research process

Answer 71

Ethical Dilemmas

Question 72

the true limits which is situated between the upper limits of one interval and the lower limit of the next interval

Answer 72

Class Boundaries ( CB ) -

Question 73

Gathering relevant data through experiments, surveys, interviews, etc.

Answer 73

Data Collection

Question 74

In statistics, population refers to an aggregate of all individual or items defined on some common characteristics.

Answer 74

Population

Question 75

Research provides data and insights that influence laws, policies, and regulations

Answer 75

Policy Making

Question 76

number of observations of the computed range and class frequency of the desired class interval. - Numerical difference between the upper- and lower-class boundaries of a class interval

Answer 76

Class size ( i )

Question 77

The data which are already obtained by some other persons or organizations and are already published or utilized are called secondary data. In different countries, there are two different sources of secondary data

Answer 77

Secondary data

Question 78

It allows us to address specific societal challenges, healthcare, business, etc.

Answer 78

Solving Problems

Question 79

the lower limit of each class is included but the upper limit is excluded from the class. Useful when grouping decimal or continuous data

Answer 79

Exclusive type

Question 80

Research Methods

Answer 80

Qualitative Methods Quantitative Methods Mixed Methods

Question 81

It is usually denoted by small “n”.

Answer 81

Sample Size

Question 82

The characteristics that can not be expressed in any numerical form but can arrange them according to their quality or attribute are called Qualitative variable.

Answer 82

Qualitative Variable