Quantitative Research

Question 0

What are the assumptions about quantitative research design?

Answer 0

The world is relatively stable, coherent, and uniform.

The world can be measured, understood, and generalized about.

Question 1

What are the advantages and disadvantages of quantitative research?

Answer 1

Advantages: look at large bodies of information

Disadvantages:

Question 2

Does quantitative research use inductive or deductive reasoning?

Answer 2

Deductive reasoning

Question 3

What situation is each quantitative research method most appropriate for?

Answer 3

Survey research: describe current conditions

Correlational research: investigate the relationship between two or more variables

Causal-comparative research: provide information about a cause-effect relationship (limited)

Experimental research: provide information about a cause-effect relationship

Single subject research: studies behavior change of an individual as a result of intervention or research

Question 4

When does quantitative research state the hypothesis?

Answer 4

At the outset of research

Question 5

Which type of quantitative research controls the setting and manipulates on or more variable?

Answer 5

Experimental research

Question 6

How does quantitative research analyze data?

Answer 6

Statistical procedures

Question 7

Which research designs fall under the category of quantitative research?

Answer 7

Survey research

Correlational research

Causal-comparative research

Experimental research

Single-subject research

Question 8

Random sampling (probability sampling)

Answer 8

Produces representative samples

Question 9

Simple random

Answer 9

Most basic and well known type of random sample

EPSEM

ex. Draw names from hat, table or random numbers.

Question 10

Stratified

Answer 10

Sampling frame is stratified.

Random sample is taken from each group.

Question 11

Simple cluster

Answer 11

Random sample of clusters are selected.

All of the individual units in the selected clusters are included in the final sample.

Question 12

Two stage cluster

Answer 12

Random sample of clusters selected.

A random sample of individual units within each cluster is selected.

Question 13

Systematic

Answer 13

Non random sampling

1. Determine sampling interval (symbolized by “k”).
2. Randomly pick a number between one and “k” and include that person in your sample.
3. Include each “k”th person in the sample

Question 14

Non Random sampling

Answer 14

Any sampling technique other than a random sampling technique

Question 15

Convenience (accidental or haphazard)

Answer 15

Using the people who are most available or easily selected.

Question 16

Purposive sampling

Answer 16

Researcher specifies the characteristics of the population of interest and then locates individuals with those characteristics.

Question 17

Quota sampling

Answer 17

Quotas are set

Convenience sampling is used to fill those quotas

Question 18

What is the purpose of random sampling?

Answer 18

.

Question 19

How does non random sampling differ from random sampling

Answer 19

All individuals are not equally likely to be chosen.

Question 20

What is the purpose of survey/descriptive research?

Answer 20

Determines and reports the way things are

Question 21

What are the major steps involved in designing and conducting a survey/descriptive study?

Answer 21

.

Question 22

Name 3 ways data can be collected in survey/descriptive research?

Answer 22

Questionnaires

Interviews

Observations

Question 23

What’s the purpose of causal comparative research?

Answer 23

To determine the cause or reason for existing differences

Question 24

What's the purpose of correlational research

Answer 24

To quantify the relationship between two or among two variables

Question 25

What are the steps involved in correlational research?

Answer 25

.

Question 26

What is the purpose of experimental research?

Answer 26

To determine true cause-effect relationships

Question 27

What are the basic steps in conducting an experiment?

Answer 27

``` select participants group participants administer treatments control the research setting control the length of treatment exposure select research measures draw cause- effect conclusions. ```

Question 28

What are the eight major threats to internal validity?

Answer 28

History Maturation Testing Instrumentation Statistical regression Differential selection of the participants Mortality Selection-maturation interaction

Question 29

What are the six major threats to external validity?

Answer 29

Pre-test treatment interaction Selection-treatment interaction Multiple-treatment interference Specificity of variables Treatment diffusion Experimenter effects Reactive arrangements

Question 30

How is causal-comparative research different from correlational research?

Answer 30

Correlational research attempts to discern a relationship between variables. Causal-comparative research attempts to determine a (limited) cause and effect relationship.

Question 31

How is causal-comparative research different from experimental research?

Answer 31

Causal comparative research is limited in its ability to ascertain a cause-effect relationship, due to lack of researcher control. Experimental research : At least one independent variable is manipulated/controlled Other relevant variables are controlled Effect on one or more dependent variables are observed

Question 32

Proportional random sampling

Answer 32

Subsamples are proportionate to their sizes in the population.

Question 33

Disproportional stratified sampling

Answer 33

Sub samples are not proportionate to their sizes in the population.