Quantitative Research Methodology

Question 1

describes the research mode (quali/quanti, specific research type)

Answer 1

Research Design

Question 2

target population & sample frame

Answer 2

respondents of the study

Question 3

specific type of instrument that will be used as questionnaires, etc.

Answer 3

Instrument of the Study

Question 4

instrument must pass the validity and reliability tests before it is utilized

Answer 4

establishing and validating reliability

Question 5

• one of the many ways of establishing objectivity of research findings
• subjecting the data to different but appropriate statistical formulas and processes

Answer 5

statistical treatment

Question 6

• concerned primarily with cause & effect relationship
• known as the “method of difference”

Answer 6

experimental design

Question 7

there are variables that are not part of the study but are believed to influence the outcomes

Answer 7

experimental research

Question 8

labeled threats to internal & external validity

Answer 8

intervening or extraneous variables

Question 9

the degree to which changes in the dependent variable can be attributed to the dependent variable

Answer 9

internal validity

Question 10

the degree to which changes in the dependent variable can be attributed to the extraneous variable

Answer 10

external validity

Question 11

ability of a certain tool to measure what it intends to measure

Answer 11

validity

Question 12

when the subjects or respondents of the study are not randomly selected

Answer 12

selection bias

Question 13

enumerate the threats to internal validity

Answer 13

1. selection bias
2. maturation
3. history
4. instrumentation change
5. mortality
6. testing

Question 14

when the experiment is conducted beyond a longer period of time during which most of the subjects undergo physical, emotional, and/or psychological changes

Answer 14

maturation

Question 15

happens during the conduct of the study when an unusual event affects the result of the experiment

Answer 15

history

Question 16

the instrument used in gathering the data must not be changed or replaced during the conduct of the study

Answer 16

instrumentation change

Question 17

• when 1 or more subjects die, drop out, or transfer.
• participation in the experiment is not completed

Answer 17

Mortality

Question 18

when a pretest is given to subjects who have knowledge of baseline data

Answer 18

testing

Question 19

enumerate the threats to external validity

Answer 19

1. experimenter effect
2. hawthorne effect
3. measurement effect

Question 20

the characteristics of the researcher affect the behavior of the subjects/respondents

Answer 20

experimenter effect

Question 21

respondents/subjects respond artificially to the treatment because they know they are being observed as part of the research study

Answer 21

hawthorne effect

Question 22

subjects have been exposed to the treatment through taking the pretest

Answer 22

measurement effect

Question 23

1. Subjects are randomly assigned to groups
2. A pretest is given to both groups.
3. The experimental group receives the treatment while the control group does not
4. A posttest is given to both groups

Answer 23

PRETEST-POSTTEST CONTROLLED GROUP DESIGN

Question 24

1. Subjects are randomly assigned to groups
2. The experimental group receives the treatment while the control group does not.
3. A posttest is given to both groups.

Answer 24

POSTTEST CONTROLLED GROUP DESIGN

Question 25

1. Subjects are randomly assigned to groups 2. Two of the groups (experimental group 1 and control group 1) are pretested. 3. The other two groups (experimental group 2 and control group 2) receive the routine treatment or no treatment. 4. A posttest is given to all four groups

Answer 25

SOLOMON FOUR-GROUP DESIGN

Question 26

In this design, it is either no control group or the subject are not randomly assigned to groups.

Answer 26

Quasi-Experimental Design

Question 27

No random assignment of subjects to the experimental and control groups.

Answer 27

Non-Equivalent Controlled Group Design

Question 28

The researcher periodically observes or measures the subjects.

Answer 28

Time-Series Design

Question 29

In this design, the researcher has little control over the research which makes this design to be weak.

Answer 29

Pre-Experimental Design

Question 30

A single group is exposed to an experimental treatment then the researcher will observe the group after the treatment.

Answer 30

One-Shot Case Study

Question 31

The researcher provides comparative description of a group of subjects before and after the experimental treatment.

Answer 31

One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design

Question 32

Quantitative Research Designs

Answer 32

- Experimental Research Design - Non-experimental Research Design

Question 33

Experimental Research Designs

Answer 33

- True Experimental Design - Quasi-Experimental Design - Pre-Experimental Design

Question 34

True Experimental Designs

Answer 34

- Pretest-posttest controlled group deisgn - Posttest only controlled group design - Solomon four-group design

Question 35

Pretest and posttest have..?

Answer 35

Multiple observations

Question 36

Pre-experimental designs

Answer 36

- One-shot case study - One-group pretest-posttest design