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Earth Science 11 > quarter 1 test > Flashcards

quarter 1 test Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

widely accepted universe theory

A

big bang theory

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2
Q

why was the big bang theory widely accepted?

A

due to several other theories supporting it

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3
Q

a theory states that the solar system was formed through materials left from collapsed massive stars

A

nebular hypothesis

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4
Q

shields earth from solar radiation

A

magnetosphere

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5
Q

may have been due to additional core materials brought by the Planet Theia during its collision with earth 4.5 billion years ago

A

the strong magnetosphere of the earth

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6
Q

which planet collided with earth 4.5B years ago

A

Planet Theia

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7
Q

6 physical properties of minerals and rocks

A

crystal habit
luster
cleavage & fracture
hardness
color
streak

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8
Q

growth pattern of minerals

A

crystal habit

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9
Q

crystal habit in the pattern of cube, square

A

equant

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10
Q

crystal habit in the pattern of growing lengths

A

elongate

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11
Q

crystal habit in the pattern of flat sheets

A

platy

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12
Q

interaction of light with solid materials e.g., opaque, transparent, dull

A

luster

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13
Q

tendency of minerals to break along very smooth, flat, shiny surfaces

A

cleavage and fracture

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14
Q

resistance to scratching

A

hardness

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15
Q

minerals have distinct ___ to easy identification

A

colors

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16
Q

color of the mineral in its powdered form

A

streak

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17
Q

describes ability of minerals to react with other substances (dana system)

A

chemical properties

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18
Q

dana system: found in uncombined forms

e.g., Au, Cu, Fe

A

native element

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19
Q

dana system: Metal + Si + O

e.g., SiO(4) [Quartz]

A

Silicates

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20
Q

dana system: Metal + S + O

e.g., CaSO(4) [Gypsum]

A

Sulfates

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21
Q

dana system: Metal + S

e.g., HgS [Cinnabar]. Fool’s Gold [Pyrite, FeS(2)]

A

Sulfides

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22
Q

dana system: Metal + O

e.g., Fe2+Fe3+O(8) [Magnetite]

A

O)(ides

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23
Q

dana system: Metal + P + O

e.g., Ca(3)PO(4) - Calcium phosphate

A

Phosphates

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24
Q

dana system: Metal + C + O

e.g., CaCO(3) - Lime

A

Carbonates

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25
dana system: Metal + Halogen e.g., NaCl
Halides
26
dana system: Coal, pearl, limonite, obsidian
Mineraloids
27
Phosphates, nitrates, and Potassium-containing elements are used as?
Fertilizer
28
CaO and CaCO3 play an important role in agriculture. what role is it?
neutralizes acidity for soil absorption
29
What is Titanium used for in the medical setting?
Transplant due to its non-allergenic property
30
Minerals play vital role to __ and __
bodily functions, metabolism
31
cooled down magma and lava
igneous
32
from magma, cooled down below the surface of the earth granite, pegmatite
intrusive igneous rocks
33
granite & pegmatite are what type of rocks?
intrusive igneous rocks
34
from lava, cooled down on surface pumice, scoria
extrusive igneous rocks
35
low viscosity; Fe + Mg
basalt
36
high viscosity; quartz/silicate
obsidian
37
formed from weathering of rocks or organic materials and sedimentation
sedimentary rocks
38
from weathered fragments of rocks, pebbles, and stone
clastic sedimentary rock
39
chemical precipates of rocks
chemical sedimentary rocks
40
from organic remains, including fossils
organic sedimentary rocks
41
pumise & scoria are what type of rocks
extrusive igneous rocks
42
basalt & obsidian are what type of rocks
igneous rocks
43
from other parent materials processed through heat and pressure
metamorphic rocks
44
has layers or strata (lines)
foliated
45
no strata
non-foliated
46
2 mineral resources
surface mining and underground mining
47
most common type of mining in modern era
surface mining
48
extraction of inorganic materials such as gold, lead, molybdenum, vertical orientation of excavation
open pit mining
49
extraction of organic and inorg materials such as clay, coal, tar. horizontal orientation of ecavation along earth layers
strip mining
50
excavation of sediments on bodies of water
dredging
51
dangerous and epensive mining method; ecavation through mine tunnels
underground mining
52
3 fossil fuel formations
coal, oil, natural gas
53
derived from plant remains from millions of years ago, peat --- lignite --- bituminous & sub-bituminous coal, anthracite
coal
54
derived from algae trap beneath earth layers, forming crude oil
oil
55
hydrocarbons and methane, trapped beneath seabed surface from anaerobic organisms
natural gas
56
2 factors affecting fossil formation
1. absence of decomposers 2. soil quality
57
energy from organic remains is trapped beneath earth, affecting fossil formation
absence of decomposers
58
clay soils help prevent decomposers from interacting with organic remains; prevents oxygen to oxidize with the organic material loose soils allows moisture, microorganisms, and O to alter and decompose organic materials
soil quality
59
Energy resources
Nuclear power plants
60
Nuclear reaction or radioactive decay of Uranium produces HEAT energy to create steam then pushes turbine of generator to make electricity
Nuclear Power Plants
61
Considered as clean energy
nuclear power
62
Why is nuclear power considered as clean energy
it has high energy outputs without adverse effects to environment compared to fossil fuels.
63
Nuclear power plants avoid continuous chain reaction of radioactive elements by absorbing fast-moving neutrons using?
control rod
64
97% earths water
saline water
65
3% earths water (Majority in Glaciers)
Freshwater
66
water present on earths surface e.g., lake ocean rivers
surface water
67
water below earths surface
ground water
68
shortage of water occurs despite the water cycle because of water pollution, what happens?
water basins unavailable for use aww
69
3 activities affecting water quality
industrial wastes agricultural and residential wastes sedimentation
70
soil resources diminishes due to mismanagement and misuse. what 2 factors negatively affects these?
agriculture, mining and construction

Earth Science 11 (3 decks)

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