Quarter 3 Final Exam Flashcards
(54 cards)
1
Q
Pyogenic Bacteria
A
- Pus-Forming Bacteria
Staph aureus
Strep agalactiae
Strep pneumonia
Strep pyogenes
Nesseria gonorrhoeae
Neisseria meningtitdis
2
Q
Staphylococcus aureus Diseases
Pyogenic
A
- Food Poisoning
- Skin Abscesses: boils
- Toxic Shock
- Nosocomial Infections
- Impetigo/School Sores: contagious red sores
- Scalded Skin Syndrome
3
Q
Streptococcus pneumonia/Pneumococcus Diseases
Pyogenic
A
- Lobar pneumonia: Inflammation of one or several lung lobes
- Otitis Media: Middle ear infection
- Meningitis or pneumococcal meningitis: Infection of the cerebrospinal fluid
4
Q
Streptococcus agalactiae Diseases
Pyogenic
A
- Bacterial Sepsis (STREP SEP)
- Meningitis
- Seizures
- Psychomotor Retardation
- Uterine Infections
5
Q
Streptococcus pyogenes Diseases
Pyogenic
A
- Strep Throat: Sore throat
- Rheumatic Fever: Inflammatory disease that occurs when strep throat or scarlet fever are not resolved
- Scarlet Fever: (Childbirth Fever) Red rash, strawberry tongue, desquamation of skin
- Puerperal Sepsis: Nosocomial infection of the uterus from childbirth or abortion
- Impetigo: Localized skin infection with small vesicles that turn into weeping lesions
- Erysopelas: (St. Anthony’s Fire) Localized skin infection that causes an intense burning sensation
6
Q
Characteristics of Staphylococcus and Streptococcus
A
Pyogenic
Spherical (staph=grapelike, step=chains)
Gram-Positive
Facultative Anaerobe
7
Q
Neisseria gonorrhoeae Diseases
Pyogenic
A
- Gonorrhea: STD infection of the genitals
- Ophthalmia Neonatorum: Congenital infection spread from the mother to the eyes of the baby during childbirth
- Pelvic Inflammatory Disease: (PID) Infection of the female reproductive organs
8
Q
Neisseria meningitidis Diseases
Pyogenic
A
- Epidemic Meningitis: (Meningococcal meningitis): Infection of the meninges
- Meningococcemia: Bacteria spread to blood stream
- Waterhouse-Fredichsen Syndrome: Spontaneous bleeding in the subcutaneous tissues causing appearance of purple patches on the skin
9
Q
Characteristics of Neisseria
A
- Spherical
- Diplococcus
- Pyogenic
- Aerobic
- Gram-Negative
- Virulence: pili/fimbriae and endotoxins (N. meningitidis also has a capsule)
10
Q
Spore-Forming Bacilli
A
Bacillus anthracis
Clostridium botulinum
Clostridium perfringens
Clostridium tetani
11
Q
Clostridium botulinum Diseases
spore-forming
A
- Food-borne Botulism: FLACCID PARALYSIS, cardiac & respiratory failure, nausea, double or blurred vision
- Infant Botulism
- Wound Botulism: wounds are infected with spores
12
Q
Clostridium tetani Diseases
spore-forming
A
Tetanus/Lockjaw: prevents muscle relaxation,RIGID PARALYSIS, asphyxiation (from muscle tensing)
13
Q
Clostridium perfringens diseases
spore-forming
A
- Gas Gangrene/Myonecrosis: Bacteria gather in an injury or surgical wound that has no blood supply.
The bacterial infection produces toxins that release gas and cause tissue death (antemortem) - Tissue Gas: Postmortem form of tissue gas; can spread through instruments
- Food Poisoning
14
Q
Characteristics of Clostridium
C. Botulinum, C perferfringens, C tetani
A
- Endospore
- Rod-shaped
- Gram-Positive
- Obligate Anaerobe
Common Virulence: Endospores, (C. Botulinum and C. tetani both give off neurotoxins which cause flaccid and rigid paralysis)
15
Q
Bacillus anthracis Diseases
spore-forming
A
- Skin Anthrax/Skin Cutaneous Infection: Non-pus Lesions called ESCHARS leave a ring of small blisters that surround a dark center
- Pulmonary Anthrax/ Wool-sorter’s Disease/Inhalation Anthrax
- Typhoidal Anthrax/ Ingestion Anthrax
16
Q
Small Gram-Negative Bacilli
A
- Bordatella pertussis
- Haemphilus influenzae
- Yersinia Pestis
- Francisella tularensis
17
Q
Bordatella pertussis Diseases
Small Gram-Negative Bacilli
A
- Whooping Cough/Pertussis: Convulsive, painful coughing
Stage 1: Incubation Stage: no outward symptoms
Stage 2: Catarrhal Stage: Common cold-like symptoms
Stage 3:Paroxysmal Stage: Spasmodic or convulsive coughing; ciliary escalator in lungs stop; peak of the disease
Stage 4: Convalescent Stage: Recovery
18
Q
Yersinia Pestis Diseases
Small Gram-Negative Bacilli
A
- Bubonic Plague/Black Death: Infection of the lymphatic system; Lesions called BUBOS form
- Septicemic Plague: Infection in the blood stream
- Pneumonic Plague
Both the septicemic and pneumonic plagues can be secondary infections from the bubonic plague or be spread on their own
19
Q
Haemophilus influenzae Diseases
Small Gram-Negative Bacilli
A
- Bacterial Influenzal Meningitis:
- Hib Meningitis
- Haemophilus influenzae Meningitis
Meningitis is an infection of the meninges, membranes covering the brain and spinal cord
20
Q
Francisella tularensis Diseases
Small Gram-Negative Bacilli
A
- Tularemia/Rabbit Fever/Deerfly Fever
- Skin Infection
- GI Infection
- Pneumonic Infection
21
Q
Enteric Bacteria
A
- Affects GI system
- Gram-negative
- Non-spore forming
- Facultatitivley anaerobic
- Bacillus (rod-shaped)
Salmonella typhi
Shigella dysenteriae
Echerichia coli
Klebsiella pneumoniae (only nonmotile enteric)
Proteus mirabilis
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
22
Q
Salmonella typhi Diseases
Enteric
A
- Typhoid Fever of the alimentary canal (GI Tract): Fever, diarrhea, nausea, severe headache, loss of appetite
23
Q
Shigella dysenteriae
Enteric
A
Shigellosis/bacillary dysentery: Severe form of diarrhea with blood and mucus in the stool
24
Q
Escherichia coli Diseases
Enteric
A
- Gastroenteritis: Inflammation of the GI tract Causes the most cases of gastroenteritis
- Traveler’s Diarrhea
- Infantile Diarrhea
- Hemorrhagic Colitis/ Hemorrhagic Uremic Syndrome (HUS)
- Bacillary Dysentery of the Alimentary canal
- Urinary Tract Infections
- Infections of the bladder, kidneys, ureters, and urethra
25
Klebsiella pneumoniae Diseases
Enteric
- Lobar Pneumonia
- Hospital Acquired/ Nosocomial Pneumonia
- Gastroenteritis
- Urinary Tract Infections
26
Proteus mirabilis Diseases
Enteric
- Secondary infection from burn wounds; bacterial colonies smell like **“BURNED CHOCOLATE”**
- Gastroenteritis: inflammation of the GI tract
- Urinary Tract Infections
- Can also cause ear and wound infections, especially in burn victims
27
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Diseases
Enteric
- Burn Wound Infections
- Urinary Tract Infections
- Gastroenteritis
- Pneumonia
- Ear Infections
**Produces blue-green pus**
28
Spiral Bacteria (Spirochetes)
Gram-negative
unicellular
- Vibrio cholerae
- Treponema pallidum
- Borrelia burgdorferi
- Leptospira interrogans
- Campylobacter jejuni
29
Vibrio cholerae diseases
Spirochete
- Rice Water Stool: whitish color to feces
- Asiatic cholera
30
Treponema pallidum Diseases
Spirochete
-Exclusively found in humans
- Syphilis
- Acquired Syphilis: Received through direct sexual contact
- Congenital Syphilis: Infected pregnant woman passes infection to unborn child
- 4 Stages of Syphilis
1. Primary Syphilis: **Chancre sore** form (small hard ulcers)
2. Secondary Syphillis: **Skin rashes** form on the hands and feet
3. Latent/Hidden: Symptoms disappear
4. Tertiary Syphilis: **Gummas** form (rubber-like lesions); other severe symptoms including dementia, madness, tumors occur. People usually do not get to this stage because of modern medicine
31
Borrelia burgdorferi Diseases
Spirochete
Lyme Disease/ Lyme Borreliosis: Bull’s eye rash
32
Leptospira interrogans Diseases
Spirochete
- Leptospirosis/Infectious Jaundice: Biphasic (2-part)disease that starts with flu-like symptoms and later progresses into liver damage, and renal failure
- Weil’s Disease: Advanced case of severe liver and kidney damage
33
Campylobacter jejuni Diseases
Spirochete
- Campylobacteriosis/Campylobacter gastroenteritis
- Guillian-Barre Syndrome (GBS): rare condition that causes temporary paralysis
34
Characteristics of Streptococcus genus
- Gram Positive
- Spherical
- Appear alone or in chains
- Usually facultative anaerobes
- Virulences: Toxins and enzymes
Strep agalactiae
Strep pneumonia
Strep pyogenes
35
What blisters are associated with Anthrax?
Escars
36
What type of paralysis is associated with Clostridium Tetani?
Rigid Paralysis
37
What type of paralysis is associated with Clostridium botulinum?
Flaccid Paralysis
38
Coagulase
Enzyme that causes blood to clot by converting fibrinogen into fibrin
39
Hyaluronidase
Enzyme the penetrates the body's connective tissues, permitting the easy spread of infection throughout the body
40
Lipase
Enzyme that acts with the oils and fats secreted by the sebaceous glands
41
Mycoplasma pneumonia Diseases
**Primary Atypical Pneumonia (Walking Pneumonia)**
42
Characteristics of Rickettsia
R. prowazekii, R. typhi, R. rickettsii,
(Coxiella burnetii is a rickettsia but has different virulence, entry and exit, mode of trans)
- obligate intracellular parasites
- Anthropod spread
- Non-motile
- Gram-Negative
- Bacilli
Virulence: obligate intracellular parasites
Entry and Exit: Broken Skin from anthropod bite
Mode of Trans.: Anthropod Transmission
43
Rickettsia prowazekii Diseases
**Epidemic Typhus** (Louse borne Typhus): Fever and Skin Rash
**P**rowszekii=e**P**idemic typhus
44
Rickettsia typhi Diseases
**Endemic Typhus** (Flea borne Typhus, Murine Typhus): Fever and Skin Rash
(Less aggressive illness than Epidemic Typhus; self-resolving)
45
Rickettsia rickettsii Diseases
- **Rocky Mountain Fever** (Tick borne Typhus, Murine Typhus): Fever and Skin Rash
RickRick=Tick
46
Coxiella burnetii Diseases
- **Q Fever**: fever and skin rash
q for query=unknown
47
Common Characteristics of Chlamydia
Virulence: obligate intracellular parasites
48
Chlamydia trachomatis Diseases
- **Trachoma: Infectious eye disease**
- Nongonococcal utrehtritis (NGU)
- **Reiter’s Syndrome**: urethritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis appear simultaneously
- Non-specific urethritis (NSU)
- **Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV)**
- Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
- Inclusion Conjunctivitis
49
Chlamydia psittaci Diseases
Psittacosis (Parrot Fever,Ornithosis): Lung infection
50
Cornyebacterium diphtherieae Diseases
- Diphtheria: inflammation of the mucous membranes, formation of a **false membrane in the throat** that hinders breathing and swallowing
- Two Types: **Pulmonary Diphtheria or Cutaneous Diphtheria**
51
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Diseases
- Tuberculosis: A potentially serious infectious bacterial disease that mainly affects the lungs.
- Two Types
1. Pulmonary Tuberculosis
2. Miliary Tuberculosis: Tuberculosis leaves the lungs and travels to other organs when tubercles burst
52
Mycobacterium avium Diseases
Opportunistic Form of Tuberculosis (especially among AIDs carriers)
53
Legionella pneumophilia Diseases
- Legionnaires’s Diseases/Legionellosis (Pneumonia like disease)
- Pontiac Fever (Milder form of Legionellosis)
54
Listeria monocytogenes Diseases
Listeriosis/Listeria
