Quaternary Ammonium Hyrdroxides

Question 1

Hoffman Elimination

Answer 1

Reactant: Quaternary Ammonium Ion

Reagent: heat

Product: Alkene

Major product will come from the hydrogen being removed from the beta carbon attached to the most hydrogens.

Question 2

Formation of a quaternary ammonium hydroxide

Answer 2

Reactant: Quaternary Ammonium Halide

Reagents: Ag₂O and H₂O

Product: Quaternary Ammonium Hydroxide

Question 3

Formation of a Quaternary Ammonium Halide

Answer 3

Reactant: Amine

Reagents: CH₃I in excess and something to deprotonate like (K₂CO₃)

Product: Quarternary Ammonium Halide

Keep in mine it acts as a nucleophile and attacks the CH₃I first, and then it is deprotonated and it continues so on and so forth until it is a quaternary ammonium halide.