Queen, government and religion 1558-69

Question 1

Describe the social hierarchy of Elizabethan England.

Answer 1

At the bottom there is the vagrants and homeless, then landless or labouring poor , then tenant farmers, then yeomen, then gentery then at the top nobility

Question 2

Describe the social hierarchy of towns in Elizabethan England.

Answer 2

At the bottom unskilled workers and the unemployed, then skilled craftsmen and people who had learned a skill or trade, then business owners and other craftsmen, then proffesional lawyers, clergys, doctors and teachers then at the top merchants.

Question 3

What is a yeomen?

Answer 3

were men who held a small amount of land or an estate

Question 4

What is a tenant farmer?

Answer 4

they rented land that was owned by the yeomen

Question 5

What were the key features of the court?

Answer 5

body of people who lived near or with the monarch, it was mostly made up of members of the nobility and attending court required the monarchs permission.

Question 6

What was the role of the court?

Answer 6

to entertain and advise the monarch and display wealth and power

Question 7

What were the key features of the Privy Council?

Answer 7

most powerful part of the machinery of the government. They advised on domestic and foreign issues such as how to handle challenges and threats

Question 8

What was the role of the Privy Council?

Answer 8

To monitor parliament, justices of the peace and over see the law and order of the country.

Question 9

What were the key features of Parliament?

Answer 9

gave full ecclesiastical authority to the monarchy and abolished the authority of the Pope in England.

Question 10

What was the role of Parliament?

Answer 10

consent to pass new laws or raise taxes

Question 11

What were the key features of the Lords Liutenant?

Answer 11

enforced Poor Laws.
collected tax.
set wage levels.
arranged road repairs.

Question 12

What was the role of the Lord Liutenant?

Answer 12

in charge of justice of the peace

Question 13

What were the key features of the JP’s?

Answer 13

arresting and punishing offenders.

Question 14

What was the role of JP’s?

Answer 14

they were large landowners who kept law and order locally

Question 15

What is a Courtier?

Answer 15

a person who attends a royal court.

Question 16

What does extraordinary taxation mean?

Answer 16

parliamentary grants loans

Question 17

What is a militia?

Answer 17

a force of ordinary people raised in an emergency.

Question 18

What is the Divine Right?

Answer 18

the idea that god appointed the monarch

Question 19

What were some examples of Elizabeths power?

Answer 19

She was confident and charismatic, she spoke different languages, the number of protestants was growing giving her a more secure place as queen

Question 20

What is patronage?

Answer 20

the monarch could use the granting of lands, jobs and titles to reward her supporters

Question 21

What was the Secretary of State? What did the role do?

Answer 21

advised the queen on the issues that were most important to the crown.

Question 22

What dates was William Cecil Secretary of State?

Answer 22

22 November 1558 – 13 July 1572

Question 23

What is royal prerogative?

Answer 23

body of customary authority, privilege, and immunity recognized in common law

Question 24

What does succession mean?

Answer 24

the firstborn legitimate child of the monarch succeeds to the throne.

Question 25

What is Roman Catholic?

Answer 25

the whole of the Church faithful to the Bishop of Rome.

Question 26

Why was Elizabeth's legitimacy in doubt?

Answer 26

her father had divorced his first wife, Catherine of Aragon, in order to marry Elizabeth's mother, Anne Boleyn.

Question 27

Briefly explain how the Church of England came about.

Answer 27

Henry VIII started the process of creating the Church of England after his split with the Pope and reformation.

Question 28

What happened in 1536?

Answer 28

destruction of the monasteries

Question 29

How did Elizabeth's gender work against her?

Answer 29

the world didn't believe that a woman could rule a country.

Question 30

What were the pros of ELizabeth marrying?

Answer 30

People would take her more serious

Question 31

What were the cons of Elizabeth marrying?

Answer 31

she might be pushed aside and her husband might take over.

Question 32

How had Mary I's reign been a failure?

Answer 32

unsuccessful war against France that led to the loss of Calais

Question 33

Describe the character of Elizabeth I.

Answer 33

extremely witty and clever

Question 34

Where could monarchs raise money from?

Answer 34

Sovereign Grant.

Question 35

How much was the Crown in debt when. she became Queen?

Answer 35

£300,000

Question 36

What was the Auld Alliance?

Answer 36

alliance between the kingdoms of Scotland and France against England

Question 37

Briefly describe how France was a threat?

Answer 37

Mary Queen of Scots was married to the French heir to the throne and many believed that her claim to the English throne was more legitimate than Elizabeth's

Question 38

Why was regaining Calais important to Elizabeth?

Answer 38

France now controlled the entire northern coastline of France and left England more vulnerable of an attack.

Question 39

Why was there a possibility that Catholic Spain and France would unite against England?

Answer 39

they were both roman catholic countries

Question 40

Give two issues Elizabeth faced over her suitability to rule England

Answer 40

religion, poverty and foreign policy.

Question 41

Describe how at least 2 factors combined to make governing England a problem for Elizabeth. For example, gender and politics, foreign and domestic issues.

Answer 41

they didnt think that she was able enough to control the counrty without a man.

Question 42

What was the Reformation?

Answer 42

Church of England broke away from the authority of the pope and the Catholic Church.

Question 43

Give a few traits of Roman Catholicism

Answer 43

celebrates seven sacraments: baptism, the Eucharist, confirmation, reconciliation (confession), marriage, anointing of the sick, and holy orders.

Question 44

Give a few traits of Protestantism

Answer 44

celebrates seven sacraments: baptism, the Eucharist, confirmation, confession, marriage, anointing of the sick, and holy orders.

Question 45

Who were the clergy?

Answer 45

a body of ordained ministers in a Christian church.

Question 46

Give an example of an area in England most likely to be Catholic.

Question 47

Give examples of areas in England most likely to be Protestant

Question 48

What is a puritan

Answer 48

English Protestants

Question 49

WHy did ELizabeth rule out a Puritan religion?

Question 50

When was the religion settlement established?

Question 51

What were the 3 parts of the religious settlement? Describe in detail each one

Question 52

What is a pilgrimage?

Question 53

How did the religious settlement affect the clergy?

Question 54

What is a recusant?

Question 55

How did the religious settlement affect ordinary people?

Question 56

What was rhe role of the church of England?

Question 57

How was the settlement enforced?

Question 58

What were Elizabeth's main aims in her relgious settlement?

Question 59

What key features of the religious settlement appealed to Catholics?

Question 60

What key features of the religious settlement appealed to Protestants?

Question 61

What evidence is there that the settlement was popular?

Question 62

What evidence is there that the settlement was not popular?

Question 63

Why was there a puritan challenge?

Question 64

What is a crucifix and a cross?

Question 65

What was Elizabeth's opinions of the crucifix and cross. How did this cause issues?

Question 66

What did Puritans think Priests should wear? How did this differ from Catholics and protestants?

Question 67

What did Elizabeth want priests to wear?

Question 68

What year was the Book of Advertisements and who wrote it?

Question 69

What was the Papacy?

Question 70

What was the Counter reformation?

Question 71

What did the pope do in 1566?

Question 72

Why was the first decade of Elizabeths reign religiously stable?

Question 73

How much (estimated) of the nobility and gentry were recusants?

Question 74

Give some detail about the Earls of Westmorland and Northumberland.

Question 75

What year was the Revolt of the Northern Earls?

Question 76

Describe the Revolt of the Northern Earls

Question 77

Give examples of other countries with growing Protestant populations

Question 78

Give examples of other countries with a strong Catholic hold

Question 79

when did the religious war break out in France?

Question 80

What happened in 1562 and how did it fail?

Question 81

When and what was the Treaty of Troyes?

Question 82

What did Phillip II do in 1563?

Question 83

What is a trade embargo?

Question 84

How did Spain and the Spanish Netherlands threaten Elizabeth?

Question 85

What was the Council of troubles?

Question 86

Briefly explain the Dutch revolt

Question 87

Why was Elizabeth concerned about Alba's presence in the Netherlands?

Question 88

Why was Elizabeth in a predicament about what to do with Catholic Spain following the Dutch Revolt?

Question 89

What was the Genoese Loan?

Question 90

What was Elizabeth trying to achieve with the Genoese Loan?

Question 91

Why did the Catholic threat intensify in 1568-69?

Question 92

Why was the Ctholic threat not serious until 1569?

Question 93

Why did Elizabeth intervene to help protestants in France but not in the Netherlands?

Question 94

Explain how developments in England and the Netherlands combined during the 1560s to change Englands relationship with Spain

Question 95

What was the treaty of Edinburgh

Question 96

What happened that forced Mary to abdicate the throne and to flea to England?

Question 97

What were Elizabeth’s option when Mary came to England

Question 98

Was Mary found guilty or not guilty of murdering her husband? What happened?

Question 99

Why not make Mary the heir? (Page 34, extend your knowledge box)

Question 100

Explain how changes in Scotland and France causes problems for Elizabeth?

Question 101

Explain why there was no ideal solution to the Mary problem for Elizabeth, including holding her in captivity in england.