Ques med mix

Question 1

What virus can cause hydrops fetalis on ultrasound?

Answer 1

Parvovirus B19 (slapped check syndrome)

Question 2

What is the rotterdam diagnostic criteria?

Answer 2

PCOS can be diagnosed if at least two of the follwing criteria are met:
1. Polycystic ovaries (>12 cysts seen on imaging or ovarian volume >10 cubic cm)
2. Oligo-/anovulation
3. Clinical or biochemical features of hyperandrogenis

Question 3

What is the onset of vascular dementia like ?

Answer 3

-A progressive stepwise deterioration in cognition
-Patient present with a history of strokes accompanied by stepwise cognitive decline or sudden changes in cognitive function

Question 4

what are the signs and symptoms of vascular dementia?

Answer 4

Visual disturbance
Sensory or motor symptoms
Difficulty with attention and concentration
Seizures
Memory disturbance
Gait/speech/emotional disturbance

Question 5

How can you differentiate Alzheimer’s from vascular dementia?

Answer 5

There is less impairment in episodic memory and more in visual skills, semantic memory and executive functioning.

Question 6

What will be seen on CT/MRI scan of a patient with vasucalr dementia?

Answer 6

The hallmark of vascular dementia is extensive white matter change and infarcts evident on MRI imaging.

Question 7

How does a Wilms tumour present?

Answer 7

-Mass that does not cross the midline (but bilateral in 5% cases)
-Distention
-Haematuria

Question 8

What test are important to do in a woman presenting with pre-eclampsia?

Answer 8

FBC and liver fucntion test - it is important to screen for HELP syndrome

Question 9

What is HELP syndrome?

Answer 9

Haemolysis, elevated liver enzyme, and low platelets

Question 10

What are the symptoms of congenital rubella syndrome?

Answer 10

-Sensorineural deafness, congenital cataracts, retinopathy and heart disease
-Other features also include microcephaly, low birthweight and organ dysfunction

Question 11

To what depth should the parents be advised to aim for when performing chest compressions?

Answer 11

One-third of the chest depth

Question 12

What medications are used in women with PCOS who wish to conceive?

Answer 12

-Clomiphene - induces ovulation and enhances conception rates
-Metformin can be used alone or in combination to improve chances of pregnancy
-Gonadotrophins can be utilized if clomiphene and metformin prove ineffective
-Ovarian drilling is second line (this damages hormone producing cells of ovary)

Question 13

What are the risk factors for ectopic pregnancy?

Answer 13

Previous ectopic pregnancy
Pelvic inflammatory disease
intrauterine contraceptive device or system in situ
Assisted conception e.g. IVF
Pelvic surgery
Smoking
Endometriosis
Age older than 35

Question 14

What is alogia?

Answer 14

paucity of speech. This is a common negative symptom of schizophrenia.

Question 15

When do babies start responding to own name?

Answer 15

9-12 months

Question 16

When should babies turn head towards loud sounds?

Answer 16

6 motnhs
-alongside understanding bye bye and babbling

Question 17

What is section 136?

Answer 17

-Allows police to bring an individual who appears to have a mental disorder from a public place to a place of safety

Question 18

Who si reuwired to detain a patient under section 3?

Answer 18

An AMHP and two doctors (doctors must see patient in 24 hours)

Question 19

What is section 3 ?

Answer 19

-Section 3 allows for a person to be admitted to hospital for treatment if their mental disorder is of a nature and/or degree that requires treatment in hospital.
-Section 3 is used where the person is already well known to psychiatric services or following an initial assessment under Section 2.

Question 20

What is vasa praevia?

Answer 20

where the foetal vessels, unprotected by the umbilical cord or placental tissue, run dangerously close to or across the internal cervical os. These vessels are prone to rupture during the rupture of membranes, which can result in foetal haemorrhage and potentially foetal death.

Question 21

What si the classic triad of vasa praevia?

Answer 21

-Painless vaginal bleeding
-Rupture of membranes
-Foetal bradycardia (or resulting foetal death)

Question 22

Whta is polymorphic eruption of pregnancy?

Answer 22

-Pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy (PUPPP) typically present in the third trimester

Question 23

What is refeeding syndorme?

Answer 23

• A potentially fatal disorder that occurs when nutritional intake is resumed too rapidly after a period of low caloric intake

Question 24

What are the symptoms of refeeding syndrome?

Answer 24

odema, confusion and tachycardia

Question 25

Treatment for acute manic episode?

Answer 25

-Stop antidepressant, start oral anti-psychotic
(antipsychotics are superior to lithium in acite manic episode)

Question 26

What is used to keep PDA open?

Answer 26

Prostaglandin E1 - alprostadil

Question 27

What is used to close the PDA?

Answer 27

Indomethacin

Question 28

What si the finding on a blood gas in a patient wit pyloric stenosis?

Answer 28

ave a hypokalaemic, hypochloraemic metabolic alkalosis due to vomiting and loss of protons

Question 29

What is Orbital cellulitis?

Answer 29

Red, swollen eye that is painful on movement and affecting vision

Question 30

What is the treatment for orbital cellultis?

Answer 30

IV clindamycin

Question 31

What is lichen sclerosis?

Answer 31

-Lichen sclerosis is an chronic inflammatory skin disorder, thought to be autoimmune in nature
-presents as a white, shiny, raised patch of skin commonly occurring on the labia, perineum and perianal skin in women. It can be asymptomatic or can be associated with itching, skin tightness, superficial dyspareunia and Koebner’s phenomenen (symptoms are made worse by friction to the skin caused by things such as tight underwear)

Question 32

What is the treatment for lichen sclerosis?

Answer 32

Clobetasol propionate

Question 33

What is first line fertility investigation to check ovulation in a women with regular periods?

Answer 33

Measure serum progesterone on day 21

Question 34

What is an appropriate fertility investigation for women with irregular menstrual cycles?

Answer 34

Measure luteinising hormone day 2 of cycle

Question 35

What emerging test is most specific to bacterial sepsis?

Answer 35

Procalcitonin

Question 36

What is atrophic vaginitis?

Answer 36

Inflammation and thinning of genital tissues due to reduced oestrogen levels, most commonly seen after menopause

Question 37

What are the signs and symptoms of atrophic vaginitis?

Answer 37

Thinning of vaginal mucosa, loss of pubic hair, narrowed introitus, and vaginal dryness, among others. The primary differentials range from malignancies, endometrial hyperplasia, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and various skin conditions

Question 38

What is the management of atrophic vaginitis?

Answer 38

-Hormonal replacement to replace oestrogen
-Lubricants and mositurisers

Question 39

When to refer if child has squint?

Answer 39

> 8 weeks old

Question 40

What bacteria is a patient with sickle cell susceptible to?

Answer 40

Salmonella osteomyelitis

Question 41

What does aspirin in infection cause?

Answer 41

Reyes syndrome

Question 42

What is Reyes syndrome?

Answer 42

Reye’s syndrome is acute liver failure and non-inflammatory hepatic encephalopathy which occurs in children under 12 who are given aspirin during the acute phase of a viral infection.

Question 43

How is Reyes treated?

Answer 43

Treatment is supportive, and often requires ITU admission. Lactulose can be used to lower ammonia levels

Question 44

When are antibiotics indicated in ear otitis media?

Answer 44

tympanic membrane is perforated, the child is under 3-months old, the child is under 2 and the infection is bilateral, and if symptoms are present for 4 or more days.

Question 45

what is intramural fibroid?

Answer 45

most common

Question 46

what helps to improve the effectiveness of McRoberts manoeuvre?

Answer 46

Suprapubic pressure