quesmed

Question 1

What is goserilin and what is it used for

Answer 1

It is a gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist - increases gonadotropin releasing hormone secretion which eventually results in decreased secretion of testosterone which reduces the size of prostate tumour

Question 2

What is the best treatment for pyelonephritis

Answer 2

inpatient IV cephalosporin or a quinolone such as ciprofloxacin or gentamicin

Question 3

What is a major risk factor for stone formation in urolithiasis

Answer 3

Dehydration

Question 4

What is the most common symptom of prostate cancer metastasis

Answer 4

lower back pain due to bone being the most common site for prostate metastases

Question 5

What antibiotic cannot be used when the eGFR is below 45

Answer 5

nitrofurantoin

Question 6

What is the most common cause of renal cell carcinoma

Answer 6

renal clear cell carcinoma

Question 7

What are painless haematuria and weight loss red flag symptoms for

Answer 7

Bladder cancer

Question 8

What is renal colic (sudden onset severe flank pain) a sign of

Answer 8

urolithiasis

Question 9

What is the most appropriate initial surgical options for urolithiasis

Answer 9

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy

Question 10

What kind of drug is losartan

Answer 10

ARBs - angiotensin receptor blocker

Question 11

What can cause outflow obstruction and cause retention in patients with enlarged prostates with an x-ray showing dilated loops of bowel

Answer 11

constipation

Question 12

What drug can cause an isolated rise in creatinine levels

Answer 12

Trimethoprim - competes with the secretion of creatinine into the renal tubules

Question 13

What is the imaging for suspected renal cell carcinoma

Answer 13

renal ultrasound

Question 14

What are examples of urgent decompression

Answer 14

nephrostomy or stent insertion

Question 15

What is rhabdomyolosis

Answer 15

Breakdown of skeletal muscle which leads to release of myoglobin in the blood stream - this is nephrotoxic and leads to AKI - shows raised creatine kinase and has red urine

Question 16

What is the classical presenting feature of haemolytic uraemic syndrome

Answer 16

Diarrhoea that turns bloody a few days later
It also has anaemia, uraemia and thrombocytopenia

Question 17

What pathogen causes HUS - haemolytic uraemic syndrome

Answer 17

E.coli

Question 18

What is chest pain which is relieved by sitting forward a sign of and what does it indicate

Answer 18

Pericarditis which can be a manifestation of severe uraemia and is an indication for dialysis

Question 19

What is a risk factor for renal cancer

Answer 19

Obesity

Question 20

what is the major complication which can occur after nephrotic syndrome especially membranous nephropathy

Answer 20

Venous thromboembolism

Question 21

When should trimethoprim be avoided in pregnancy - what is used as an alternative

Answer 21

During first trimester - nitrofurantoin is used instead

Question 22

What drugs can cause rhabdomyolysis

Answer 22

Statins

Question 23

What is rhabdomyolysis

Answer 23

destruction of the muscles - presents with dark urine due to the myoglobin in the plasma being excreted out