Quest1 Flashcards
(183 cards)
1
Q
Is the region of the body that lies between the lower margin of mandible above suprasternal notch and upper border of clavicle below
A
Neck
2
Q
It is strengthened by the cervical part of vertebral column, which is convex forward and support the skull.
A
Neck
3
Q
Part of Respiratory system of the neck
(2) answers
A
Larynx and Trachea
4
Q
Part of Alimentary or Digestive System of the neck (2) answer
A
Pharynx and Esophagus
5
Q
The natural lines of cleavage of the skin are constant and run almost horizontally around the neck. This is important clinically because-an incision along a cleavage line will heal as narrow scar, where as one that crosses the lines will heal as a wide or heaped up scar
A
Skin of the neck
6
Q
Is composed of a series of compartments, which are formed by bone and soft tissues
A
Head
7
Q
5 bones and tissues of the head
A
- cranial cavity
- ears
-orbits
-nasal cavity
-oral cavity
8
Q
Largest compartment that contains the brain
A
Cranial cavity
9
Q
Associated members of the cranial cavity
A
Meninges
10
Q
Simply, it composed of roof and floor
A
Cranial cavity
11
Q
_ contain the eyes
A
Orbits
12
Q
Cone-shaped chambers immediate inferior to the anterior aspect of the cranial cavity, and the apex of each cone is directed posteromedially
A
Orbits
13
Q
The walls of this are the bones, whereas the base of each chamber can be ope and closed by the eyelids
A
Orbits
14
Q
Are upper parts of the respiratory tract and are between the orbits
A
Nasal cavity
15
Q
Have walls, floor, ceilings, which are predominantly composed of the bone and cartilage
A
Nasal cavity
16
Q
Anterior openings of the nasal cavities are?
A
Nares (nostrils)
17
Q
Posterior openings of the nasal cavity is?
A
Choanae (posterior nasal apertures)
18
Q
Continues with the nasal cavities that are air-fiiled extension
A
Paranasal sinuses
19
Q
Project laterally, superiorly, and posteriorly into surrounding bones.
A
Paranasal sinuses
20
Q
The largest, the maxillary sinuses are inferior to the orbits
A
Paranasal sinuses of nasal cavity
21
Q
Is inferior to the nasal cavities and separated from them by the hard and soft palates
A
Oral cavity
22
Q
The oral cavity floor is formed by?
A
Soft tissues
23
Q
Anterior opening of the oral cavity
A
Oral fissure
24
Q
Posterior opening of the oral cavity
A
Oralpharyngeal isthmus
25
The 2 transitional areas
Infratemporal fossa
Pterygopalatine fossa
26
2 related surface anatomy of the head
Scalp
Face
27
An area between the posterior aspect (ramus) of the mandible and a flat region of the bone (lateral plate of the pterygoid process) just posterior to the upper jaw (maxilla)
Infratemporal fossa
28
This fossa is bounded by bine and soft tissues is a conduit for water ne of rhe major cranial nerves (mandibular nerve) which passes between the cranial and oral cavities
Infratemporal fossa
29
The trigeminal nerve of mandibular division is also called?
V3
30
Is just posterior to the upper jaw
Pteygopalatine fossa
31
Small fossa that communicates with the cranial cavity, the infratemporal fossa, the orbit, the nasal cavity, and the oral cavity
Pterygopalatine fossa
32
The major structure passing through this this _ fossa is maxillary nerve
Pterygopalatine fossa
33
Nerve of pterygopalatne fossa
Maxillary nerve V2
34
Is the anterior aspect of the head and contains a unique group of muscles that move the skin relatively to underlying bone and control the anterior openings to the orbits and oral cavity
Face
35
Covers the superior, posterior and the lateral regions of the head
Scalp
36
Boundary that Is along the inferior margins of the mandible and the bone features on the posterior aspect of the bone
Superior boundary
37
Is higher that the anterior neck to connect cervical viscera with the posterior openings of the nasal and oral cavity
Posterior neck
38
What boundary of the neck extends from the top of the sternum along the clavicle, and onto the adjacent acromion, bony projection of the scapula
Inferior boundary
39
Contains the cervical vertebrae and associated postural muscle
Vertebral compartment
40
Contains important glands and parts of the respiratory and digestive tracts that pass between the head and the thorax
Visceral compartment
41
One on each side, contain the major or blood vessels and the vagus nerve
Vascular compartment
42
Are enclosed by musculofascial collar
4 compartment of the neck
43
4 Vascular parts of the neck
-Common carotid artery
-Internal jugular veins
-Vagus nerve
-Deep lymph nodes
44
8 Cutaneous Nerves of neck
-Greater occipital nerve
-Lesser occipital nerve C2
-Great auricular nerve C2 and C3
-Transverse cutaneous nerve C2 and C3
-Supraclavicular nerves C3 and C4
-Medial supraclavicular nerve
-Intermediate supraclavicular nerve
-Lateral supraclavicular nerve
45
Is a branch of the posterior ramus of the 2nd cervical nerve. The 1st cervical nerve has no cutaneous branch.
Greater occipital nerve
46
Hooks around the accessory nerve and ascends along the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle to supply the skin over the lateral part of the occipital region and the medial surface of the auricle
Lesser occipital nerve
47
Ascends across the sternocleidomastoid muscle and divides into branches that supply the skin over the angle of the mandible, the parotid gland, and on both surface of the auricle.
Greater auricle nerve
48
Emerges from behind the middle of the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle
Transverse cutaneous nerve
49
Emerge from beneath the posterior border pf the sternocleidomastoid muscle and descend across the side of the neck.
Supraclavicular nerve
50
Crosses the medial end of the clavicle and supplies the skin as far as the median plane
Medial supraclavicular nerve
51
Crosses the middle of the clavicle and supplies the skin of the chest wall
Intermediary supraclavicular nerve
52
Cross the lateral end of the clavicle and supplies the skin over the shoulder and the upper half of the deltoid muscle
Lateral supraclavicular nerve
53
When the sternocleidomastoid miscle contracts, it appears as an oblique band crossing the side of the neck from the sternoclavicular joint to the mastoid process of the skull. It divides the neck into anterand posterior triangles
Triangles of the neck
54
Anterior triangle
-submental triangle
-submandibular triangle
-carotid triangle
-muscular triangle
55
Posterior triangle
-occipital triangle
-subclavian triangle
56
Enclosed laterally by the two sternocleidomastoid muscle; superiorly by the lower border of the mandible and medially by the anterior midline of the neck
Anterior triangle pf the neck
57
Contains larynx , esophagus, and trachea
Anterior triangle of the neck
58
Bordered by the posterior margin of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, the anterior margin of the trapezius muscle and the intermediate third of the clavicle
Posterior triangle of the neck
59
Viscera of the neck
-esophagus
-larynx
-parathyroid glands
-pharynx
-thyroid gland
-trachea
60
Is bound laterally by the first rib, anterior by the manubrium, and posteriorly by the T1 vertebrae. From anterior to posterior.
Rooth of the Neck
61
6 roots of the neck
-clavicle
-subclavian vein
-anterior scalene muscle with phrenic nerve
-subclavian artery
-branchial plexus
-middle scalene muscle
62
Endocrine gland
Thyroid gland
63
Highly vascular organ
Thyroid gland
64
Surrounded by the pretracheal layer of the deep neck fascia (thyroid sheath)
Thyroid Gland
65
Contains the right lobe, left lobe, and isthmus
Thyroid gland
66
Moves as one with the larynx and the trachea
Thyroid gland
67
Contains thyroid capsule and sheath
Thyroid gland
68
Also called suspensory ligament
Berry ligament
69
Fixes the lobes to the cricoid cartilage
Berry ligament
70
Usually 4 in number
Parathyroid gland
71
Lie within the capsule of the gland in its posterior surface
Parathyroid gland
72
More constant in position, at the level of the middle of the posterior border
Two superior of parathyroid
73
Vary in postion
Inferior of parathyroid
74
Cartilaginous and membranous tube
Trachea
75
Starts from the lower border of the cricoid cartilage
Trachea
76
Ends by dividing into two main bronchi ( Carina point) at the level of the 4th and 5th thoracic vertebrae
Trachea
77
Muscular tube
Esophagus
78
25 cm long
Esophagus
79
Begins at the level of the cricoid cartilage, C6
Esophagus
80
From the pharynx to stomach
Esophagus
81
A branch of superior thyroid artery
External carotid artery (ECA)
82
Inferior branch of thyroid artery
Thyrocervical trunk
83
Arises from the bracheocephalic trunk or aortic arch
Thyroid ima artery
84
What vein does the superior thyroid vein and middle thyroid vein goes?
Internal jugular vein (IJV)
85
What vein does the bracheocephalic vein goes?
Inferior thyroid vein
86
Two main bronchi that divides the trachea at the level of the 4th and 5th thoracic vertebrae is called?
Carina point
87
Blood supply of the trachea is?
Inferior thyroid arteries
88
Nerve supply of trachea
-vagus
-recurrent laryngeal nerve
-sympathetic trunk
89
Blood supply of esophagus
Inferior thyroid arteries
Veins
90
Nerve supply of esophagus
Recurrent laryngeal nerve and sympathetic treatment trunks
91
Is the part of the digestive of alimentary system that situated posterior to the nasal and oral cavities and posterior to the larynx.
Pharynx
92
Extends from the base of the skull down the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage of (C6 vertebral level) where it becomes continuous with the esophagus
Pharynx
93
Is the common channel for deglutition or swallowing and respiration, and the food and air pathways cross each other in the pharynx
Pharynx
94
3 subdivisions of pharynx
-Nasopharynx
-Oropharynx
-Laryngopharynx
95
The posterior portion of the nasal cavity with its common function as part of the respiratory system
Nasopharynx
96
Extend inferior war from the soft palate to the superior border of epiglottis
Oropharynx
97
Extends from superior border of epiglottis to inferior border of cricoid cartilage where it becomes continuous with the esophagus
Laryngopharynx
98
2 types of muscle that form the walls of the pharynx
-longitudinal
-circular
99
Type of pharynx muscle that are all innervated by the vagus nerve (CN X)
Circular muscle
100
3 Circular Muscle
-superior pharyngeal constrictor
-middle pharyngeal constrictor
-inferior pharyngeal constrictor
101
Constrictor that found in Oropharynx
Superior pharyngeal constrictor
102
Is found in the laryngopharynx
Middle pharyngeal constrictor
103
Is found in Laryngopharynx and has two components. The superior component (thyropharyngeus) has oblique fibers that attach to the thyroid cartilage and the inferior component (cricopharyngeus) has horizontal fibers that attach to the cricoid cartilage
Inferior pharyngeal constrictor
104
Superior component of inferior pharyngeal constrictor which has oblique fibers that attach to thyroid cartilage
Thyropharyngeus
105
Inferior component of inferior pharyngeal constrictor that has horizontal fibers that attach to the cricoid cartilage
Cricopharyngeus
106
A pharynx muscle that shorten and widen the pharynx, and elevate the larynx during swallowing
Longitudinal muscles
107
3 longitudinal muscles
-stylopharyngeus
-palatopharyngeus
-salpingopharyngeus
108
From the styloid process of the temporal bone to the pharynx, innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
Stylopharyngeus
109
From the hard palate of the oral cavity to the pharynx, innervated bu the vagus nerve (CN X)
Palatopharyngeus
110
From the eustachian tube to the pharynx, innervated by the vagus nerve CN X. In addition to contributing to swallowing, it also opens the eustachian tube to equalize the pressure in the middle ear with the atmosphere
Salpingopharyngeus
111
The innervation of the majority of the pharynx is achieved by?
Pharyngeal plexus
112
Pharyngeal plexus is comprises of?
Braches of GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL NERVE (CN IX), VAGUS NERVE (CN X) and sympathetic fibers of the superior cervical ganglion
113
Each of the 3 sections of pharynx have a different innervation
Sensory
114
Innervation of Nasopharynx
Maxillary nerve ( CN V2)
115
Innervation of the oropharynx
Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
116
Innervation of laryngopharynx
Vagus nerve (CN X)
117
In the _, the muscle of the pharynx are innervated by the vagus nerve CN X, except for the stylopharyngeus, which is innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve CN IX
Motor
118
Arterial supply is via branches of the _: ascending pharyngeal, lingual, facial and maxillary arteries
External Carotid Artery
119
Venous drainage is achieved by the _, which drains into the internal jugular vein
Pharyngeal venous plexus
120
Is located in the anterior compartment of the neck, suspended from the hyoid bone, and spanning between C3 and C6. It is continuous inferiorly with the trachea, and opens superiorly into the laryngeal part of the pharynx
Larynx
121
3 sections of the internal cavity of the larynx
-supraglottis
-glottis
-subglottis
122
From the inferior surface of the epiglottis to the vestibular folds (false vocal cords)
Supraglottis
123
Contains vocal cords and 1cm below them. The opening between the vocal cord called rima glottidis
Glottis
124
From the inferior border of the glottis to the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage
Subglottis
125
The epithelium of the interior surface of the larynx is?
Ciliated columnar epithelium
126
Act to move the larynx superiorly and inferiorly
Extrinsic muscles
127
This muscle comprised of the suprahyoid and infrahyoid groups, and th stylopharyngeus
Extrinsic muscle
128
The general rule of suprahyoid muscle and stylopharyngeus is to
Elevate larynx
129
General rule of the Infrahyoid
Depression of the larynx
130
Is the part of the head that extends the superciliary arches anteriorly to the external occipital protuberance and superior nuchal lines posteriorly
Scalp
131
Laterally it continues inferiorly to the zygomatic arch
Scalp
132
Layers of the scalp
-Skin
-Connective tissue
-aponeurotic layer/ aponeurosis
-loose connective tissue
-pericranium
133
This unit sometimes referred to ad the scalp proper and is the tissue torn away during serious injury
Scalping
134
Is thick, hair bearing and contains numerous sebaceous glands
Skin
135
Is fibrofatty, the fibrous septa uniting the skin to the underlying aponeurosis of the occipitofrontalis muscle. Numerous arteries and veins are found in this layer. The arteries are branches of the external and internal carotid arteries, and a free anastomosis takes place between them.
Connective tissue
136
Is a thin, tendinous sheet that unites the occipital and frontal bellies of the occipitofrontalis muscle. The lateral margins of the aponeurosis are attached to the temporal fascia
Aponeurosis
137
Occupies the subaponeurotic space and loosely connects the epiceanial aponeurosis to the periosteum of the skull. The areolar tissue contains a few small arteries, but it also contains some important emissary veins. T
Loose connective (areolar) tissue
138
Are valveless and connect the superficial veins of the scalp with the diploic veins of the skull bones and with the intracranial venous sinuses
Emissary veins
139
Called dangerous laters of scalp-emissary veins open here and carry any infections inside the brains or cause bleeding or black eye
Loose connective tissue
140
Which is the periosteum covering the outer surface of the skull bones
Pericranium
141
It has frontal belly anteriorly, an occipital belly posteriorly, and aponeurotic tendon (epicranial aponeurosis( connective the two
Occipitofrontalis muscle
142
It is the 4 parts of the occipitofrontalis muscle or in the epicranial aponeurosis
-frontal belly
-superior temporal line
-occipital belly
-superior nuchal line
-external occipital protuberance
143
Venous drainage pf the scalp
External jugular vein
144
Extends superiorly to the hair line, inferiorly to the chin and base of the mandible and on each side to auricle
Face
145
Is common for both face and scalp
Forehead
146
Lymph nodes of the scalp or drainage
-occipital
-mastoid
-parotid
-buccal
-submental
-submandibular
-jugulo-omohyoid
-superficial cervical
-deep cervical
147
Innervation of the scalp of anterior to the ear and the vertex
Four divisions of the trigeminal nerve
148
4 Anterior to the ear and the vertex nerve
-supratrochlear nerve
-supraorbital nerve
-zygomaticotemporal nerve
-auriculotemporal nerve
149
4 posterior to the ears and the vertex nerve
-greater auricular nerve
-lesser occipital nerve
-greater occipital nerve
-third occipital nerve
150
Front part of the head that has the eyes, nose and mouth
Face
151
Is rich in sebaceous goand and swear gland
Facial skin
152
How many bones are there in our face
14 bones
153
What are the 2 single bones of the face
-vomer
-mandible
154
What are the 12 paired bones of the face?
-2 maxillary
-2 palatine
-2 zygomatic
-2 lacrimal
-2 nasal
-2 inferior nasal conchae
155
Bones of the face are:
-vomer
-mandible
-2 maxillary
-2 palatine
-2 zygomatic
-2 lacrimal
-2 nasal
-2 inferior nasal conchae
156
Develop from the 2nd pharyngeal arch and are innervated by the branches of the fascial nerve
Muscles of the face
157
Are in the superficial fascia, with origins from either bone or fascia, and insertion into the skin
Muscle of the face
158
Controls expression of the face
Muscle of the face
159
Acts as sphincters and dilators of the orifices of the face
Muscle of the face
160
What are the muscle group of the face
-orbital group
-nasal group
-oral group
-other muscle group
161
2 Orbital group muscle
-orbicularis oculi
-corrugator suppercilli
162
3 parts of orbicularis oculi
-orbital part
-palbebral part
-lacrimal part
163
Originate from the medial part of the medial palpebral ligament and from concentric rings, return to the point of the origin (outer)
Orbital part
164
Originate from the lateral part of medial palpebral ligament, insert into the lateral palpebral raphe (inner)
Palpebral part
165
Originate from the lacrimal fascia and lacrimal bone insert nto upper and lower tarso (small)
Lacrimal part
166
Skin is supplied by _ nerve, except for the small area over the triangle of the mandible and the parotid gland
Trigeminal nerve (V)
167
3 major divisions of trigeminal nerve
-Opthalmic nerve (V1)
-maxillary nerve (V2)
-Mandibular nerve (V3)
168
Parotid gland is supplied by?
Great auricular nerve (C2 and C3)
169
5 facial nerves
-temporal
-zygomatic
-buccal
-marginal mandibular
-cervical
170
Maxillary and mandibular nerve are involuntary and excruciating pain in the region of distribution of these nerve
Trigeminal neuralgia
171
Whole face paralyzed- in infranuclear lesions of facial nerve
Bell’s Palsy
172
How many bones in the skull?
22
173
How many bones in the cranial?
8
174
How many bones in the facial?
14
175
What are the 8 bones of the cranial?
-
-frontal bone
-occipital bone
-ethmoid bone
-sphenoid bone
-2 parietal bone
-2 temporal bone
176
Fibrous bundle of tissue that connect the bones of the skull
Cranial suture
177
The 3 cranial suture
-coronal (frontal) suture
-sagittal suture
-lambdoid suture
178
At birth, fetal skull bones are incomplete and completed by?
Fontalles
179
Unossified remnants of fibrous that is a hyaline cartilage membranes between fetal skull bones which allow the brain grow and develop in the womb and infancy that compresses during birth
Fontalles
180
4 division or parts of the fontalles
-anterior
-posterior
-mastoid
-sphenoid
181
2 process of the development of the fetal skull
Intramembranous ossification
Endochondral ossification
182
Occur during fetal development the develop sheets connective tissue and begins around and ossification center which new bone branches outward and develops blood supply
Intramembranous ossification
183
Ossification which cartilage of replaced by bone
Endochondral ossification
