Question 4 Flashcards
What are the three components in the definition of Self determination Theory?
- Acting as the primary causal agent in one’s life
- Making choices and decisions regarding one’s quality of life free from undue external influence or interference.
- Self determination is on a spectrum with autonomy and control as ends on that spectrum.
What are the underlying theoretical assumptions of SDT?
- Humans are born with a natural curiosity to explore and understand the world around them.
- Environmental forces inhibit or promote the natural proclivity to be self-driven.
What are the 3 framework components of SDT?
- Competence (comparable to self-efficacy)(human need)
- Autonomy: perception that behaviors are self-initiated. Universal. Not culture-specific (human need)
- Relatedness or belonging: established interpersonal connections with others (human need)
Environments that meet these 3 basic needs are highly rewarding and motivating.
What are the 4 types of motivation?
a. Intrinsic
i. Valuable
ii. Interesting
iii. Fulfilling
iv. Meaningful
b. Extrinsic
i. Involuntary yet potentially instrumental
ii. May become intrinsically internalized over time
c. Self determined motivation
d. Controlled motivation
Define internalization
Internalizing extrinsically motivated activities perceived as important for effective functioning. Extrinsic regulation –> Internalization –> Regulations by the self.
What are the types of Self regulation leading to internalization?
a. Amotivated: low internal locus of causality
b. Introjected regulation: guilt induced behavior. First step to internalization
c. Identified regulation: internal values regulate behavior
d. Integrated regulation: integration between one’s behavior and one’s sense of self
Identify key theorists associated with SDT
Edward Deci and Richard Ryan
What are the foundational findings associated with SDT?
- Well-being
- Internal locus of control
- Health
- Academic achievement
- Psychological well-being
- Higher self-esteem
- Higher levels of engagement
- Optimizes performance across domains
- Purpose in life
10 Resiliency - Goal attainment
Identify recommendations (motivational strategies) for teachers and/or parents that are derived from SDT that promote individual learner performance.
- Autonomy-supportive teachers provide their students as much choice as possible within the situation. The goal is to help students connect their sense of self to the activity.
- Communicate a clear acknowledgment of students’ perspectives
- Provide opportunities for students to talk
Define Achievement Goal Orientation Theory
AGO reflect students’ general orientation for approaching, engaging in, and evaluating their academic progress and performance in achievement contexts and address the question of “why” individuals attempt to accomplish certain achievement outcomes
What are the 4 types of goal orientations?
Mastery approach, Mastery avoidance, Performance approach, Performance avoidance
What are the characteristics of the mastery approach?
It focuses on the development of competence, learning, and mastery of a task. Positive outcomes. Intrinsically motivated. Predicts persistence and effort. deep-level cognitive processing strategies. Emphasize process over product. Intrapersonal
What are the characteristics of the performance approach?
It focuses on the demonstration of competence relative to others by trying to outperform others. Positive/Negative outcome. Avoidance of challenging work. Academic persistence. Academically competitive. generally predicts better school performance compared to mastery approach. Emphasize product over process. Interpersonal
What are the characteristics of the mastery avoidance?
It focused on not losing competence, learning, and mastery of a task. Received much less attention. Depletes self-regulation. Working to avoid falling from a previously achieved standard. Perfectionists.
What are the characteristics of the performance avoidance?
It focuses on not demonstrating incompetence relative to others and try to avoid being outperformed by others. Negative outcomes. Depletes self-regulation. Low interest. Low well-being.
Who are the key theorists associated with AGO
Nichols: goals results from the way in which individuals define their success. Success is defined by demonstrating one’s capacities by outperforming others (i.e., ego goals) or by hard work and perseverance resulting in mastering tasks (i.e., task goals).
Dweck: a belief that ability is stable (i.e., entity theory) results in performance goals and a belief that competence is variable (i.e., incremental theory) results in mastery goals. Dweck’s achievement goal conceptualization emerged form her research on helplessness in achievement settings.
What are the foundational findings of AGO?
- Students who are mastery-goal oriented tend to make attributions to effort.
- When classroom goals are focuses students on learning, effort, and improvement then students are likely to adopt mastery goals.
Identify recommendations (motivational strategies) for teachers and/or parents that are derived from AGO that promote individual learner performance. Provide at least three concrete strategies.
- praise effort and process
- encourage students to view intelligence and ability as malleable
- frame failure as instrumental in gaining greater skills
- assess performance based on a balance between effort and progress since last performance.
Define expectancy value theory
It is a social-cognitive theory arguing that people are motivated to initiate and actualize goal-directed behaviors in proportion to and as a joint function of the expectancy of successfully attaining the goal and the inherent value they impose on or derive from that goal.
What is the conflict, ideal and stability of EVT according to Atkinson?
- Conflict between hope for success and fear of failure
- Ideal is negative correlation
- Achievement motivation is a stable dispositional trait.
What are the 3 multiplicative functions of achievement motivation according to Atkinson?
- The motive to succeed
- The subjective probability of success
- The incentive value of success
What are the 3 multiplicative functions of avoiding failure according to Atkinson?
- The motive to avoid failure
- The probability of avoiding failure
- The inverse of the incentive value of failure
Why will students high in achievement motivation choose tasks of intermediate difficulty?
Success is likely and the task is difficult enough to elicit sufficient satisfaction
Why will students low in achievement motivation choose either difficult or easy tasks?
Easy tasks because they have to expend little effort and hard tasks because failure is easy to justify.
