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Medical Physics > Question Bank > Flashcards

Question Bank Flashcards

1
Q

Which type of radiation is used in diagnostic radiology?

A)
Characteristic X-ray

B)
Gamma photon

C)
Braking X-ray

D)
Hi-energy photon

A

B)
Gamma photon

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2
Q

In diagnostic radiology tube, X-ray is produced at………..

A)
Electron side

B)
Anode side

C)
Cathode side

D)
Filament side

A

C)
Cathode side

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3
Q

Which particle is used to produce radiation in X-ray tube?

A)
Proton

B)
Electron

C)
Neutron

D)
Carbon

A

B)
Electron

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4
Q

Which particle is used to produce radiation in X-ray tube?

A)
Proton

B)
Electron

C)
Neutron

D)
Carbon

A

B)
Electron

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5
Q

What is the cause of myopia (Near-sightedness)

A)
Too less refractive power of the eye

B)
None of them

C)
Too much refractive power of the eye

D)
Too less of the corneal curvature

A

C)
Too much refractive power of the eye

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6
Q

Atomic number and atomic mass remain constant in which type of decay?

A)
Gamma

B)
Negatron

C)
Positron

D)
Alpha

A

A)
Gamma

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7
Q

Which intraction between tissue and sound waves is responsible for energy conversion to heat

A)
Diffraction

B)
Interference

C)
Absorption

D)
Scattering

A

C)
Absorption

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8
Q

Rate of elimination of a 50 % radionuclide from the body, is called?

A)
Positron disintegration

B)
Biological half-life

C)
Decay rate

D)
Physical half-life

A

B)
Biological half-life

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9
Q

Doppler shift frequencies are typically in the …….. Range

A)
Infrasound

B)
Radiofrequency

C)
Audible

D)
ultrasound

A

C)
Audible

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10
Q

Which of the following human tissue demonstrate the highest rate of reflection of the ultrasound wave

A)
Lung

B)
Fat

C)
Bon

D)
Liver

A

A)
Lung

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11
Q

How is the myopic eye (Near-sightedness) corrected

A)
Negative cylindrical lens

B)
Positive spherical lens

C)
Positive cylindrical lens

D)
Negative spherical lens

A

D)
Negative spherical lens

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12
Q

A mode scan is a plot of the ……..in one dimension versus …….in the other dimension

A)
Amplitude, brightness

B)
Amplitude, depth

C)
Brightness, depth

D)
none of the above

A

B)
Amplitude, depth

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13
Q

Which sentence is correct?

A)
X ray interact indirectly with cells to produce free radicals.

B)
X ray interact directly with the cells.

C)
α-particles interact indirectly with cells to produce free radicals.

D)
Radiations with low linear energy transfer interact directly with the cells.

A

A)
X ray interact indirectly with cells to produce free radicals.

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14
Q

Where is the image of the distant object formed within a normal eye

A)
None of the above

B)
On the retina

C)
In front of the retina

D)
On the back of the retina

A

B)
On the retina

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15
Q

Which condition is consistat with laminar flow?

A)
Peak velocity is greater than 1 meter per seconed

B)
Peak velocity occure near the vessel wall

C)
All the above

D)
Blood flows in concentric layers with little mixing between layers

A

D) Blood flows in concentric layers with little mixing between layers

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16
Q

The half-life of radioactive substance:

A)
Stays the same with time

B)
Increases with time

C)
Decreases with time

D)
Increases then decreases with time

A

A)
Stays the same with time

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17
Q

Which of the following radiations is not an ionizing radiation?

A)
Infra- red

B)
Electron

C)
Neutron

D)
Gamma ray

A

A)
Infra- red

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18
Q

Which of the following are mechanisms by which ultrasound can produce bioeffects?

A)
Photoelectric effect

B)
Comton effect

C)
Stable cavitation

D)
Unstable cavitation

A

D)
Unstable cavitation

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19
Q

The distance of an object to the normal eye is 50 cm. What is the accommodation of the eye

A)
3 Dio

B)
1 Dio

C)
2 Dio

D)
4 Dio

A

C)
2 Dio

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20
Q

In which type of interaction between kilovotage radiation and body, the electron density has major role?

A)
Pair production

B)
Photoelectric

C)
Photo disintegration

D)
Compton

A

D)
Compton

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21
Q

What is the main difference between CT-Scan and radiographic images?

A)
Different mass attenuation coefficient

B)
Spatial resolution

C)
Contrast resolution

D)
Type of radiation

A

C)
Contrast resolution

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22
Q

Where is the image of the distant object formed within the myopic eye (Near-sightedness)

A)
None of the above

B)
In front of the retina

C)
On the retina

D)
On the back of the retina

A

B)
In front of the retina

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23
Q

The property of the medium which provides a measure of resistance to sound passing the medium is the………..

A)
Dielectric constant

B)
Acoustic impedance

C)
Solubility

D)
Index of refraction

A

B)
Acoustic impedance

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24
Q

What is the cause of presbyopia (Old-age vision)

A)
Decreasing of the eye dimension

B)
The loss of accommodation

C)
Decreasing of refraction power of the eye

D)
Decreasing of corneal thickness

A

B)
The loss of accommodation

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25
Q

How is the hypropic eye (Far-sightedness) corrected

A)
Negative spherical lens

B)
Positive spherical lens

C)
Negative cylindrical lens

D)
Positive cylindrical lens

A

B)
Positive spherical lens

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26
Q

Which type of radiation beam is recommended for radiotherapy of a superficial (skin) tumour?

A)
18 MV neutron beam

B)
18 MV photon beam

C)
6 MV photon beam

D)
6 MeV electron beam

A

D)
6 MeV electron beam

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27
Q

How can we increase the radiographic contrast?

A)
Using radio opaque material

B)
By increasing kilovoltage of the X-ray tube

C)
Using shielding material

D)
By decreasing milliampere of the X-ray tube

A

A)
Using radio opaque material

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28
Q

This equation shows the radioactive decay of Thorium (Th). Which of the following particles is released in this reaction?

A)
Alpha

B)
Gamma

C)
Beta

D)
Neutron

A

A)
Alpha

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29
Q

If a pulse duration of the transmitted wave is shortened , the ………..is improved in real time Images

A)
Axial resolution

B)
Sensitivity

C)
Lateral Resolution

D)
Temporal Resolution

A

A)
Axial resolution

30
Q

Energy deposited in a kilogram of a substance by the radiation, is?

A)
Absorbed dose

B)
Effective dose

C)
Effective energy

D)
Equivalent dose

A

A)
Absorbed dose

31
Q

What is the definition of half value layer (HVL)?

A)
Thickness to reduce the intensity of the radiation beam to half

B)
Layers to increase the beam energy

C)
Layers to produce X-ray beam

D)
Thickness of X-ray penetration

A

A)
Thickness to reduce the intensity of the radiation beam to half

32
Q

What is the main difference between X-ray and other parts of electromagnetic spectrum?

A)
Scattering

B)
Energy

C)
Speed

D)
Mechanism of production

A

B)
Energy

33
Q

Acoustic velocity is defiend as the

A)
Invers of the frequency

B)
Speed of the vibrating particles in the medium

C)
Number of cycles per second of the vibrating particles

D)
Speed at which sound wave propagate through the medim

A

B)
Speed of the vibrating particles in the medium

34
Q

In simple myopic astigmatism, one focal line is in front of the retina, the position of another focal line is …………

A)
None of them

B)
in behind the retina

C)
On the retina

D)
In front of the retina

A

C)
On the retina

35
Q

The conversion of an incident pressurewave to an electrical signal is the …..effect

A)
Snell

B)
Curie

C)
Doppler

D)
Piezoelectric

A

D)
Piezoelectric

36
Q

How is the focal length of a sphero cylindrical lens

A)
One point

B)
two lines

C)
Two point

D)
one line

A

B)
two lines

37
Q

A radioactive substance has a decay rate of 2.3% per year. What is its half-life?

(Ln2= 0.693)

A)
30.13 months

B)
3.61 years

C)
30.13 years

D)
3.61 months

A

A)
30.13 months

38
Q

Calculate the decay constant for Cobalt-60 (T1/2= 5.26 years) in units of month-1.

A)
7.59

B)
1.097

C)
0.0109

D)
0.131

A

C)
0.0109

39
Q

The three type of nuclear radiation in order of increasing penetrating power are?

A)
Alpha, Gamma, Beta

B)
Gamma, Alpha, Beta

C)
Alpha, Beta, Gamma

D)
Beta, Alpha, Gamma

A

C)
Alpha, Beta, Gamma

40
Q

The cornea has …………. of the refractive power of the eye

A)
%70

B)
%20

C)
%30

D)
%50

A

A)
%70

41
Q

What technique is used to produce differential absorption: (explain why?)

A)
Processing the radiographic film

B)
Lowering mill ampere

C)
Increasing kilo voltage

D)
Contrast material

A

D)
Contrast material

42
Q

How is the hypropic eye (Far-sightedness) corrected

A)
Negative cylindrical lens

B)
Positive spherical lens

C)
Positive cylindrical lens

D)
Negative spherical lens

A

B)
Positive spherical lens

43
Q

Which type of resolution is superior in CT scan in comparison to radiographic image

A)
Spatial resolution

B)
Tissue contrast resolution

C)
Temporal resolution

D)
Lateral resolution

A

B)
Tissue contrast resolution

43
Q

Which type of resolution is superior in CT scan in comparison to radiographic image

A)
Spatial resolution

B)
Tissue contrast resolution

C)
Temporal resolution

D)
Lateral resolution

A

B)
Tissue contrast resolution

44
Q

CT number value depends on:(write the CT number equation)

A)
X-ray intensity Scale factor (k)

B)
Water attenuation coefficient

C)
Tissues attenuation coefficients

D)
all of them

A

D)
all of them

45
Q

Under which circumestances cavitation is most likely to occure

A)
High intensity and high frequency

B)
Low intensity and low frequency

C)
High frequency and low power

D)
Low frequency and high intesity

A

D)
Low frequency and high intesity

46
Q

All of the following are true EXCEPT:

A)
Two waves with identical frequencies must interfere constructively

B)
Waves of different frequencies may exhibit both contructive and destructive interference at different times

C)
Out of phase waves interfere destructively

D)
Constructive interference is associated with waves that are in phase

A

A)
Two waves with identical frequencies must interfere constructively

47
Q

Which one is not the requirement for a X-ray tube

A)
Having a low x-ray output

B)
Reproducible X-ray production

C)
Electro-mechanical and radiation safety

D)
Varying the x-ray energy

A

A)
Having a low x-ray output

48
Q

What factor affects on the maximum energy of the X-ray beam. (explain why?)

A)
Inherent filtration

B)
Mill ampere

C)
Added filtration

D)
Kilo voltage

A

D)
Kilo voltage

49
Q

Which of the following human tissue demonstrates the highest rate of absorption of the ultrasound wave?

A)
Lung

B)
Bon

C)
Liver

D)
Fat

A

B)
Bon

50
Q

Barium-122 has a half-life of 2 minutes. A fresh sample weighting 80 gr was obtained. If it takes 10 minutes to set up an experiment using Barium-122, how much Barium-122 will remain after the experiment?

A)
1.25 gr

B)
5 gr

C)
2.5 gr

D)
10 gr

A

C)
2.5 gr

51
Q

Which intraction between tissue and sound waves is responsible for image formation ?

A)
Reflection

B)
attenuation

C)
scattering

D)
Absorption

A

A)
Reflection

52
Q

What information does Doppler shift provide?

A)
speed

B)
Flow

C)
velocity

D)
Cardiac out put

A

C)
velocity

53
Q

which one of these ultrasound method of imaging is most suitable for heart valve movement

A)
A-mode

B)
M-mode

C)
Doppler

D)
B-mode (real time)

A

B)
M-mode

54
Q

Which of the following is not property of acoustic wave?

A)
There is movement of the material

B)
Pressure and particle velocity are in-phase

C)
Particles in the medium oscillate with equal excursion in the positive and negative directions

D)
The wave front is attenuated by converting the energy in the pressure wave to heat

A

C)
Particles in the medium oscillate with equal excursion in the positive and negative directions

55
Q

Axial resolution is improved by . . . . . .

A)
Decreasing the frequency of the transmitted waves and decreading the number of cycles in a pulse

B)
Increasing the frequency of the transmitted waves and increasing the number of cycles in a pulse

C)
Decreasing the frequency of the transmitted waves and increasing the of number cycles in a pulse

D)
Increasing the frequency of the transmitted waves and decreasing the number of cycles in a pulse

A

D)
Increasing the frequency of the transmitted waves and decreasing the number of cycles in a pulse

56
Q

Radiographic differential absorption depends on

A)
Photographic effect

B)
Mill ampere

C)
Kilo voltage

D)
Mass density

A

C)
Kilo voltage

57
Q

Which type of decay doesn’t affect the atomic number?

A)
Positron

B)
Gamma

C)
Alpha

D)
Negatron

A

B)
Gamma

58
Q

How is the braking x-ray produced

A)
Changing the kinetic energy of an electron

B)
After electron transition between the shells

C)
Deceleration of an electron between atomic orbitals

D)
Absorption of an electron by the nucleus

A

A)
Changing the kinetic energy of an electron

59
Q

Name the instrument used to detect radioactivity?

A)
Voltmeter

B)
Geiger counter

C)
Ohmmeter

D)
Seismograph

A

B)
Geiger counter

60
Q

In the X-ray tube which parts are anode and cathode, respectively

A)
Cup and filament

B)
Target and filament

C)
Cup and target

D)
Filament and rotor

A

B)
Target and filament

61
Q

Coupling gel is applied between the transducer and patient’s skin during scanning to . . . .

A)
Reduce friction in moving across the skin

B)
Increasing acoustic impedance between the crystal and tissue

C)
reduce acoustic impedance between the crystal and tissue

D)
Activate the piezoelectric crystal

A

C)
reduce acoustic impedance between the crystal and tissue

62
Q

Particles that are high-energy electromagnetic (high LET) waves are called?

A)
Beta

B)
Gamma

C)
Alpha

D)
X ray

A

C)
Alpha

63
Q

Diagnostic X-ray Spectrum is consisted of

A)
Characteristics and annihilation photons

B)
Photoelectric and scattered radiation

C)
Characteristics and braking rays

D)
Scattered and braking rays

A

C)
Characteristics and braking rays

64
Q

Which transducer would be best to image superficial structures?

A)
Small diameter, high frequency

B)
Large diameter, high frequency

C)
Small diameter, low frequency

D)
Large diameter, low frequency

A

B)
Large diameter, high frequency

65
Q

ST
main difference between X-ray and Gamma rag

A

Mechanism of production

66
Q

ST
The parameters and factors thath affect X-ray spectrum are:
1. Tube current
2. Tube voltage
3. Added filtration
4. Target material

A

Effects are:
1. Tube current: Amplitude
2. Tube voltage: Amplitude and position
3. Added filtration: Amplitude and effective energy
4. Target material: Amplitude and position

67
Q

ST
Main role of contrast material in diagnostic radiology is to …

A

To increase radiation differential absorption

68
Q

ST
increasing frequency ………………..resolution because wavelength is ………………., thus reducing spatial pulse length

A

increasing frequency “improves” resolution because wavelength is “reduced”, thus reducing spatial pulse length

69
Q

ST
In electron capturing what happens

A

converting of proton to neutron happens

Medical Physics (1 decks)

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