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1
Q

management for child with nose bleed

A

nasal cautery

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2
Q

Pott’s puffy tumour

A

subperisteal abcess
complication from frontal osteomyelitis
presents with will-defined, tender and localised swelling of the forehead

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3
Q

rhinosinusitis

A

inflammation of the nose and paranasal sinuses

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4
Q

sensorineural hearing loss

A

caused by problem with the sensory system or vestibulocochlear nerve in the inner ear

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5
Q

conductive hearing loss

A

relates to a problem with sound travelling fom the environment to the inner ear

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6
Q

causes of sensorineurl hearing loss

A

presbycusis
noise-induced hearing loss
drug induced (aminoglycosides)
vestibular schwannoma

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7
Q

Weber’s test: unilateral conductive hearing loss

A

tuning fork sound will be heard louder in the deaf ear

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8
Q

Weber’s test: unilateral sensorineural hearing loss

A

tuning fork will be heard louder in the normal ear

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9
Q

Normal Rinne’s test

A

air louder than bone

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10
Q

normal Weber’s test

A

sound heard in midline

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11
Q

Rinne’s test: conductive hearing loss

A

Bone louder than air

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12
Q

Rinne’s test: sensorineural hearing loss

A

air louder than bone

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13
Q

where do vestibular schwannomas occur

A

cerebellopontine angle

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14
Q

what is cholesteatoma

A

abnormal collection of squamous epithelial cells in the middle ear
non-cancerous but can invade local tissue and nerves and erode the bones of the middle ear

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15
Q

presentation of cholesteatoma

A

foul discharge from the ear

unilateral conductive hearing loss

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16
Q

presentation of thyroid lump

A

midline neck lump

ascends on swallow but not on protrusion of the tongue

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17
Q

presentation of thyroglossal lump

A

midline, ascends both on swallow and tongue protrusion

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18
Q

Waldeyer’s ring

A

ring of lymphoid aggregation in the subepithelial layer of oropharynx and nasopharynx

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19
Q

classic history of peritonsillar abscess

A

unilateral throat pain and odynophagia
trismus
3-7 days of preceding acute tonsillitis

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20
Q

umbo

A

most inwardly depressed part of the tympanic membrane

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21
Q

cone of light

A

normally directed anterioinferiorly

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22
Q

where does the vagus nerve leave the cranial cavity

A

jugular foramen

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23
Q

first (most superior) nerve to branch off of the vagus nerve

A

superior laryngeal nerve

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24
Q

Most likely diagnosis for vertigo lasting days-weeks

A

labyrinthitis and vestibular neuronitis

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25
Condition(s) associated with hearing loss and/or Tinnitus
Meniere's and labyrinthitis
26
Most likely diagnosis for vertigo lasting just seconds to minutes
BPPV
27
Most likely diagnosis for vertigo lasting 20 minutes to several hours
Meniere's disease
28
first line treatment in children with persistent glue ear
grommet insertion
29
second line treatment in children with persistent glue ear
adenoidectomy and repeat grommet insertion
30
In diagnosing glandular fever what might be seen on blood film
Atypical lymphocytes
31
neck lump moving upwards on swallowing
goitre
32
Usually a lump located between isthmus of thyroid and hyoid bone
thyroglossal cyst
33
Cystic hygroma
benign congenital lymphatic lesion, most commonly located in left posterior triangle of neck. Usually diagnosed within the first 2 years of life.
34
The most common cause of neck swellings
Reactive lymphadenopathy
35
Pulsatile lateral neck lump
Carotid aneurysm
36
Neck lump that is associated with dysphagia, aspiration and chronic cough
Pharyngeal pouch
37
The most common bacterial cause for a sore throat is
Streptococcus pyogenes (group A strep)
38
Most common cause of otitis externa
Staphylococcus aureus
39
Gram positive cocci chains
Streptococcus pyogenes
40
The organism that produces a potent exotoxin
Corynebacterium Diptheriae
41
Most common bacterial cause of otitis media
Haemophilus influenzae
42
At what vertebral level is the thyroid cartilage located?
C4/5/6
43
At what vertebral level is the thyroid cartilage located?
C3
44
when should a nasal fracture be assessed to see if local manipulation is indicated
7-14 days
45
do you give antibiotics in acute presentation of rhinosinusitis
no because the majority are of viral origin
46
anatomical cause of prominent pinna
lack of antihelical fold | enlarged concha bone
47
first line management of allergic rhinitis
allergen avoidance
48
nerve responsible for referred otalgia from oropharynx
glossopharyngal nerve
49
most useful investigation for neck mass of unknown origin
USS FNA
50
most likely cause of parotid swelling
pleomorphic adenoma
51
bigger the gland..
more likely benign
52
phases of swallowing
oral phase | pharyngeal phase oesophageal phase
53
patient not improving after 3 days with otitis externa and conservative measures... next step
topical sofradex
54
type B tympanogram indicate | flat trace
fluid in middle ear
55
what type of hearing loss in a patient with presbycusis
high frequency sensironeural hearing loss
56
rinnes test positive on right and neg on left webers going to the left likely hearing loss?
conductive on the left
57
vertigo minutes to hours history of migraines management?
lifestyle and dietary changes - migraine induced vertigo - if that didnt work would give triptans
58
vertigo when head held in particular position
BPPV
59
Hallpike manoeuvre
BPPV
60
presentation of otosclerosis
- Patient under 40 - Unilateral or bilateral - Hearing loss - Tinnitus - Lower pitch sounds - Can be genetic Worsened by pregnancy
61
investigation of otosclerosis
first line is audiometry
62
management of otosclerosis
hearing aides | stapedectomy
63
presentation of meniere's disease
unilateral vertigo, hearing loss and tinnitus!!! episodes of 20 mins- hours fullness of ear spontaneous nystagmus
64
management of meniere's disease
prophylactic medication: - prochlorperazine - antihistamines tinnitus therapy hearing aides
65
management of perforated tympanic membrane
should heal within 6 weeks keep dry week course of antibiotics- amoxicillin?

ENT (2 decks)

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