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Topographical Anatomy Theory > Questions > Flashcards

Questions Flashcards

1
Q

Can you palpate the spermatic cord in Eq rectally?

A

Yes

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2
Q

Which kidney can be palpated by rectal examination in Eq?

A

Caudal pole of left kidney (right is fused w/ cecum)

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3
Q

What ligaments attach the patella in Eq?

A

Lateral, medial and intermediate patellar ligg.

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4
Q

Which spp has a patellar lymphnode?

A

Eq (subiliac ln.)

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5
Q

Which meniscus in eq is not attached to the femur?

A

Medial meniscus

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6
Q

Which nerve must be anesthetized when dehorning?

A

n. cornualis (branch of N. lacrimalis → N.ophthalmicus → N. trigeminus)

C1 + C2 (= cervical nerves)

N. auricularis caudalis

N. zygomaticus

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7
Q

Which nerve is anesthetized when injecting at L2?

A

Nn. Paralumbar

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8
Q

Medium anesthesia of the palmar / plantar nerve?

A

Lateral of the proximal sesamoideum / same→ palpable

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9
Q

Where is the common anesthesia of the common fibular nerve applied?

A

Caudal of the head of the fibula in the direction of the gastrocnemius muscle (3 cm deep)

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10
Q

Where is the main anesthetic of the tibial nerve applied?

A

It is covered by the biceps femoris muscle, between the gastrocnemius heads (1 hand’s breadth above the calcaneus

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11
Q

Which vessel runs parallel to the musculocutaneous nerve?

A

A. + V. brachialis

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12
Q

What is the name of the efferent nerve of the pupillary reflex?

A

Occulomotor nerve (III)

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13
Q

Motor and sensory innervation of the tongue?

A

Motor: hypoglossal nerve (XI)

Sensory: glossopharyngeal nerve (IX), facial nerve (VII)

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14
Q

Which nerve is located between the two heads of the flexor ulnaris muscle?

A

Ulnar nerve

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15
Q

What is the facial nerve responsible for?

A

Facial expressions and facial expressions

Skin

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16
Q

Which nerve innervates the upper eyelid?

A

Sensory: maxillary nerve (ophthalmic nerve - frontal)

Motoric: facial nerve=> auriculopalpebralis nerve

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17
Q

Which nerve supplies the nostrils?

A
  • N. maxillary → N. infraorbitalis → N. nasalis internus + externus
  • N. ophthalmicus → N. nasociliare
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18
Q

Is the facial nerve motor or sensory?

A

Both

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19
Q

Which nerves supply the masticatory muscles?

A

➔ N. trigeminus (V) → N. mandibularis (V / 3) → N. massetericus, N. temporalis, N. buccalis

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20
Q

What does n. opticus innervate?

A

Retina, pupillary reflex

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21
Q

Which nerve runs parallel to the cephalic vein?

A

R. superficialis lateralis and medialis of the N. radialis

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22
Q

Where can the N. fibularis superficialis be reached?

A

Medial of the extensor digitorum lateralis muscle, proximal to the tarsus

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23
Q

Where can the deep fibular nerve be reached in canine?

A

2 cm from the superficial fibular nerve in a medial direction (dog)

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24
Q

Which vessel runs with the saphenous nerve?

A

A. & V. femoralis → medial saphenous vein → cranial artery of the medial saphenous vein

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25
Q

Where do you measure the pulse in the metatarsal area?

A

Dorsally on the A. tibialis cranialis

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26
Q

Which is the main artery of the retina?

A

A. retinalis centralis → A. ophthalmic → carotid internus

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27
Q

Blood collection sites / intravenous injection sites in canine?

A

V. saphena lat., V. cephalica, V. jugularis externa

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28
Q

Blood collection sites / intravenous injection sites in equine?

A

Vena jugularis externa, V. facialis, V. auricularis lat., V. epigastrica cranialis superfacialis

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29
Q

Blood collection sites / intravenous injection sites in swine?

A

V. cava cranialis, V. auricularis, vein caudalis lateralis

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30
Q

Blood collection sites / intravenous injection sites in ruminants?

A

V. jugularis externa V. caudalis mediana / sacrococcygea, V. epigastrica caudalis

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31
Q

Pulse points in horse?

A

Incisura vasorum facialium

transversa faciei - under the crista facialis

A. digitalis palmaris communis II - med. + dist. at MC II

A. mediana cubiti - elbow

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32
Q

Pulse points in canine?

A

A. femoralis - med. on the thigh

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33
Q

Pulse points in ruminants?

A

A. coccygealis - vent. On the tail

Also possible: A. facialis + A. palmaris

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34
Q

Which blood vessels supply the thoracic glandulae mammariae?

A

➔ A. + V. thoracica interna

➔ A. + V. pudenda externa - A. + V. epigastrica supf. - Rami mammariae

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35
Q

Who has the antimesenteric artery?

A

ru and ca

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36
Q

Which muscle structures run in the sustentaculum tali?

A

➔ M. flexor digitalis lateralis

➔ M. tibialis caudalis

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37
Q

What forms the Tendo calcaneus communis?

A

Tendo plantaris: M. flexor digitorum superficialis (OBS)

Tendo achillis: M. gastrocnemius

Tendo accessorius: M. biceps femoris, M. semitendinosus, M. gracilis

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38
Q

Name the gliding surfaces for the flexor tendons of the lower limb in eq.

A

➔ Proximal scutum: proximal sesamoid bones (+ palmar ligament)

➔ medial scutum: medial palmar ligament + rectum sesamoid ligament + coronary bone

➔ distal scutum: distal sesamoid bones

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39
Q

Which structures run in the upper (proximal) common tendon sheath?

A

➔ M. flexor digitorum superficialis

➔ M. flexor digitorum profundus

➔ A. digitailis palmaris communis II

➔ N. palmaris medialis ex N. medianus

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40
Q

Which tendon runs under the lateral collateral ligament of the knee?

A

➔ Tendon of origin of the popliteus muscle

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41
Q

From which meniscus does the meniscofemoral ligament arise in the dog?

A

➔ From the lateral meniscus insertion

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42
Q

What are the names of the patellar ligaments in cattle?

A

➔ Lig. Patellae mediale

➔ Lig. Patellae laterale

➔ Lig. Patellae intermediumsecures

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43
Q

Which ligament is attached to the joint capsule of the knee joint?

A

➔ Medial collateral ligament

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44
Q

Bursa on the knee joint?

A

➔ Bursa infrapatellaris proximalis (Ca: not)

➔ Bursa infrapatellaris distalis

➔ Bursa subcutanea prepatellarum

➔ Eq: Bursa subligamentose prepatellaris

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45
Q

Which joints does the carpal joint consist of?

A

➔ Art. Radiocarpal

➔ Art. Ulnocarpeum

➔ Art. Mediocarpeum

➔ Art. Carpometacarpeum

➔ Art. Intercarpea

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46
Q

Joints of the tarsus?

A

➔ Art. Talocalcanea

➔ Art. Tarsocruralis

➔ Art. Talocalcaneocentralis

➔ Art. Calcaneoquartalis

➔ Art. Centrodistalis

➔ Art. Intertarsea

➔ art tarsodistometatarsea.

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47
Q

Heart sound can be heard furthest cranially?

A

➔ Pulmonary valves

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48
Q

Where do you find cardiac dullness in cattle on the right side?

A

No, there is no cardiac depression. The right side of the bovine heart is covered by the lungs

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49
Q

Which lymph node is in front of (cranial) the scapula?

A

Ln. Cervicalis supf.

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50
Q

Which lymph node is located between the latissimus dorsi muscle and the deep pectoral muscles?

A

➔ Ln. Axillaris accessorius

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51
Q

Which lymph nodes are located between the legs in dogs?

A

➔ Ln. Inguinalis (Lnn. Mammaria / Lnn. Scrotalis)

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52
Q

Which lymph nodes do you feel during the rectal examination of the horse?

A

➔ Ln. Mesenteric cran. + caud. (only if enlarged)

➔ Ln. Caecalis

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53
Q

Name the lymph nodes that are ventral to the paralumbar fossa in horses:

A

➔ Lnn. Subiliaci

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54
Q

Which mesentery is associated with the kidney?

A

Mesoduodenum

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55
Q

What is the composition of the omental bursa?

A

➔ Vestibulum bursae omentalis

➔ aditus ad recessum caudalum

➔ recessus caudalis omentalis

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56
Q

Does the stomach make contact with the abdominal wall in the different ssp?

A

➔ Ca: No - only sometimes when the stomach is very full.

➔ Su: Yes

➔ Ru: Yes

➔ Eq: No

57
Q

In which race does the stomach come into contact with the abdominal wall?

A

cattle

58
Q

Why does the horse’s stomach NOT reach the ventral abdominal wall?

A

➔ Ascending colon (flexura sternalis + diaphragmatica) touch the abdominal wall, stomach placed dorsally

59
Q

Where is the spleen in the different species?

A

➔ Poultry: Left side

➔ Ca: Left abdominal wall, protrudes behind the cartilago costalis, 10-13 ic

➔ Eq: 10-18 intercostal space on the dorsal left side; when the stomach is, it can protrude from the costal arch

➔ Ru: 7 / 8-13 ic

60
Q

What can cause constipation in eq? In which section of the intestine?

A

➔ Close Flexura pelvina

➔ Tight transverse colon

➔ ileocaecale at the papilla

➔ if small intestine into the For. epiploicum

61
Q

Where is the ostium iliocaecale in the horse?

A

Ventral right side

62
Q

Where is the small intestine (jejunum) in the horse?

A

Left dorsal caudal

63
Q

Where is the pelvic flexure in the horse?

A

caudal left side

64
Q

Where is the ampulla coli?

A

Colon dorsale dextrum

65
Q

Position of the descending colon?

A

right side

66
Q

Where is the expansion of the colon in the horse?

A

Ampulla Coli - lies on the dorsal colon

67
Q

Position of the basis caeci?

A

Right dorsal posterior abdominal cavity - starvation pit / flank

68
Q

Position of the corpus caeci?

A

ventral abdominal wall, cranially medial between the ventral colon were

69
Q

The apex caeci?

A

➔ Cartilago xiphoidea, ventral and median

70
Q

Where is the caecum in the horse?

A

➔ Base caeci: right, caudal, dorsal → flank / starvation pit

➔ Corpus caeci: right, direction ventral (vent. Abdominal wall) tendency to median

➔ Apex caeci: median, on the sternum

71
Q

What are the Taenia vasculosa in the horse’s cecum?

A

➔ Taenia medialis

➔ Taenia lateralis

72
Q

Course of the ileum in horses ?

A

➔ From left to right

73
Q

Where is the gallbladder in the dog?

A

➔ On the right side in the direction of the median plane, between the lobus hepatis quadratus and the lobe hepatis medialis dexter

74
Q

Which structure lies cranially from the lig. Vesicae lateralis?

A

➔ Lig. Teres vesicae

75
Q

Where is the Omasum?

A

➔ Ventrally in the interthoracic abdominal cavity, on the right side, dorsal to the reticulum

76
Q

Where is the abomasum located and is it in contact with the abdominal wall?

A

➔ It is on the right and touches the ventral custom wall.

➔ Yes, inclined to the right ventrally

77
Q

What is the position of the omasum in relation to the reticulum?

A

➔ Right dorso-caudal

78
Q

Position of the reticulum?

A

➔ 7-9 intercostal space, left ventral abdominal

79
Q

Where is the attachment of the great omentum in cattle?

A

Sulcus longitudinalis

80
Q

What can be found in the rectal examination of the cattle?

A

➔ Left: rumen, abomasum

➔ Right: intestinum tenue, flexura duodeni caudalis, vesica urinaria, uterus, colon

➔ Middle : both kidneys, left ureter, ovaries

81
Q

Where can the liver be found in cattle?

A

➔ To the right of the omasum

82
Q

Which organ is to the right of the Omasum?

A

liver

83
Q

In which direction does the left renal hilum point in cattle?

A

dorsal

84
Q

What is between the dorsal and ventral rumen sac?

A

➔ Ostium intraruminal

➔ Sulcus longitudinalis dexter + sinister

➔ If asked from the right: with sulcus accessorius → Insula ruminis Ostium ruminalesac

85
Q

Which rumenis in the omental bursa in ruminants?

A

➔ The ventral rumen sac

86
Q

Folds of the rumen

A

➔ Sulcus accessorius dexter + sinister

➔ Sulcus coronarius dorsalis + ventralis

➔ Sulcus cranialis + caudalis

➔ Sulcus ruminoreticularis

87
Q

Using TWO of the following: “Left / Right / Medial /Lateral / Proximal / Distal” & neighbouring anatomical structure as a reference point, describe the location of tuber sacrale.

A

Medial proximal & mediodorsal from the tuber coxae

88
Q

Using TWO of the following: “Left / Right / Medial /Lateral / Proximal / Distal” & neighbouring anatomical structure as a reference point, describe the location of Greater Tubercle.

A

Lateral proximal & is craniolateral of the humeral head

89
Q

Using TWO of the following: “Left / Right / Medial /Lateral / Proximal / Distal” & neighbouring anatomical structure as a reference point, describe the location of Descending Duodenum

A

Right lateral & ventral to 9th intercostal space to 6th lumbar vertebra and proximal to base of caecum

90
Q

Using TWO of the following: “Left / Right / Medial /Lateral / Proximal / Distal” & neighbouring anatomical structure as a reference point, describe the location of Fibula

A

Lateral proximal & lateral to the tibia

91
Q

Using TWO of the following: “Left / Right / Medial /Lateral / Proximal / Distal” & neighbouring anatomical structure as a reference point, describe the location of Pelvic Flexure

A

Left medial & in pelvic inlet between coxal tuberosities and the ventral abdominal wall, medial to ileum

92
Q

Give the Latin name of: Hock

A

art. tarsi

93
Q

Give the Latin name of: Distal sesamoid bone

A

ossa sesamoideum distale

94
Q

Give the Latin name of: Medial splint bone

A

Ossa metacarpalia secundum

95
Q

Give the Latin name of: Pastern bone

A

Os coronale / Phalanx media

96
Q

Give the Latin name of Navicular bone

A

Ossa sesamoideum distale

97
Q

Number of thoracic vertebrae in Equine

A

18

98
Q

Number of lumbar vertebrae in Canine

A

7

99
Q

Dental formula in horse is 3,1,3(4),3 (Upper) 3,1,3,3 (Lower) true or false?

A

true

100
Q

True or false?: There are 2 separate sinus systems in the Horse

A

false they all communicate

101
Q

True or false?: Gastric-like dilatation is located in the left dorsal part of colon

A

false: in stomach

102
Q

True or false?: Pelvic flexure goes from dorsal to ventral

A

false: ventral to dorsal

103
Q

True or false?: Musculus peroneus longus is part of the stay apparatus

A

false A. peroneus tertius is

104
Q

If tuber calcanei is fractured; what can’t the horse do?

A

Extend hock

105
Q

If a pin is placed into the calcaneus to stabilize it; which tendons must it go through?

A

Gastrocnemius and SDF tendons (could not find exact answer so not sure if correct)

106
Q

Describe the following injection sites; using neighbouring anatomical structures as reference Digital sheath in Eq hindlimb

A

below hock SDF & DDF in a common sheath, above hock DDF in an independent sheath. All digital extensors have a sheath.

107
Q

Describe the following injection sites; using neighbouring anatomical structures as reference Lumbosacral region in Dog

A

L3-S2

108
Q

Describe the following injection sites; using neighbouring anatomical structures as reference Saphenous vein in Dog

A

Medial saphenous runs to the femoral vein, lateral saphenous is a branch of the cutaneous caudal femoral vein

109
Q

Describe the following injection sites; using neighbouring anatomical structures as reference Stifle joint in Eq

A

Consists of femorotibial articulation (femoral and tibial condyles), femoropatellar articulation (femoral trochlea and the patella), and the proximal tibio-fibular articulation

110
Q

Which lymph nodes can you feel in rectal examination of a horse?

A

Mesenteric and cecal (only if enlarged) lymph nodes

111
Q

What recess can you find at acute margin of the lung?

A

Recessus costodiaphragmaticus

112
Q

What are the puncta maxima of the heart?

A

table

113
Q

Where can you find the cardiac dullness of Ru. On the right side?

A

No cardiac dullness as incisura cardiaca very small due to lungs covering

114
Q

What urogenital lig. Can be used for orientation during rectal examination of Eq?

A

Lig. renolienalis

115
Q

What diverticulum can you feel in rectal examination of Ru?

A

Sub-urethral diverticulum

116
Q

Which male accessory gland is found around the neck of the bladder of dog?

A

Prostate

117
Q

What are the injection sites for common peroneal nerve (dog+horse)?

A
  • Eq:12-15 cm prox to calcanean tub. In between long and lateral digital extensors
  • Dog: distally mid way between hock and stifle, in the groove between long digital extensor and peroneus longus (for deep perineal nerve) Second option: block nerve where it is palpable at proximal-lateral fibular head (common peroneal nerve)
118
Q

What is the lateral point of injection into the stifle?

A

Eq + dog: recess of extensor groove (between tibial tub. & lateral condyle)

119
Q

Does the perineum cover the cervix?

A

Yes

120
Q

On which direction run the last limb of duodenum in horse?

A

Short ascending duodenum runs cranial on the left side

121
Q

Where is the dilatation of the colon in the horse located?

A

Ampulla colli located in the right dorsal colon, caudally

122
Q

Efferent nerve of pupillary reflex?

A

Occulomotor nerve (III)

123
Q

What are auscultation / percussion?

A
  • Auscultation: listening, either directly or through a stethoscope, to sounds within the body
  • Percussion: tapping on the body surface to detect resonance
124
Q

Which sound is the first heart sound?

A

Systolic (closure of the cuspid valves)

125
Q

Which is the second heart sound?

A

Diastolic (closure of semilunar valves)

126
Q

In which species is the stomach is in contact with the wall?

A

Ru, sus and dog (only when full sometimes)

127
Q

When can’t you hear the heart sound?

A

during inspiration

128
Q

Which species have a suburethral diverticulum?

A

Ru and Su

129
Q

Where is the esophagus placed in the upper neck?

A

Cervically, dorsal to trachea and shifts to left on its way to thoracic part

130
Q

How many opening of mammary glands in each species?

A

ca: 10

eq: 2

bo: 2

sow: 12-14

fe: 8

131
Q

Location of spleen in poultry?

A

left side

132
Q

Name the patellar ligaments in cattle?

A

Medial, intermediate, lateral

133
Q

Dental formula of dog?

A

2*(3/3, 1/1, 4/4, 2/3) = 42

134
Q

Dental formula of Eq?

A

2*(3/3, 1/1, 3(4)/3, 3/3) = 40(42)

135
Q

Dental formula of Ru?

A

2*(0/3, 0/1, 3/3, 3/3) = 32

136
Q

What is the best place to check pulse in cattle?

A

Coccygeal artery but also facial and transverse facial arteries

137
Q

Ribs number in the different species?

A

Ca:13, Eq: 18, Ru:13, Su:14

138
Q

Which nerves are anaesthetised when dehorning

A

Cornual n. (branch of lacrimal – ophthalmic – trigeminal) + C1-C2 (cervical nn.) + n. auricularis caudalis

Topographical Anatomy Theory (1 decks)

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