Questions Flashcards
1
Q
Can you palpate the spermatic cord in Eq rectally?
A
Yes
2
Q
Which kidney can be palpated by rectal examination in Eq?
A
Caudal pole of left kidney (right is fused w/ cecum)
3
Q
What ligaments attach the patella in Eq?
A
Lateral, medial and intermediate patellar ligg.
4
Q
Which spp has a patellar lymphnode?
A
Eq (subiliac ln.)
5
Q
Which meniscus in eq is not attached to the femur?
A
Medial meniscus
6
Q
Which nerve must be anesthetized when dehorning?
A
n. cornualis (branch of N. lacrimalis → N.ophthalmicus → N. trigeminus)
C1 + C2 (= cervical nerves)
N. auricularis caudalis
N. zygomaticus
7
Q
Which nerve is anesthetized when injecting at L2?
A
Nn. Paralumbar
8
Q
Medium anesthesia of the palmar / plantar nerve?
A
Lateral of the proximal sesamoideum / same→ palpable
9
Q
Where is the common anesthesia of the common fibular nerve applied?
A
Caudal of the head of the fibula in the direction of the gastrocnemius muscle (3 cm deep)
10
Q
Where is the main anesthetic of the tibial nerve applied?
A
It is covered by the biceps femoris muscle, between the gastrocnemius heads (1 hand’s breadth above the calcaneus
11
Q
Which vessel runs parallel to the musculocutaneous nerve?
A
A. + V. brachialis
12
Q
What is the name of the efferent nerve of the pupillary reflex?
A
Occulomotor nerve (III)
13
Q
Motor and sensory innervation of the tongue?
A
Motor: hypoglossal nerve (XI)
Sensory: glossopharyngeal nerve (IX), facial nerve (VII)
14
Q
Which nerve is located between the two heads of the flexor ulnaris muscle?
A
Ulnar nerve
15
Q
What is the facial nerve responsible for?
A
Facial expressions and facial expressions
Skin
16
Q
Which nerve innervates the upper eyelid?
A
Sensory: maxillary nerve (ophthalmic nerve - frontal)
Motoric: facial nerve=> auriculopalpebralis nerve
17
Q
Which nerve supplies the nostrils?
A
- N. maxillary → N. infraorbitalis → N. nasalis internus + externus
- N. ophthalmicus → N. nasociliare
18
Q
Is the facial nerve motor or sensory?
A
Both
19
Q
Which nerves supply the masticatory muscles?
A
➔ N. trigeminus (V) → N. mandibularis (V / 3) → N. massetericus, N. temporalis, N. buccalis
20
Q
What does n. opticus innervate?
A
Retina, pupillary reflex
21
Q
Which nerve runs parallel to the cephalic vein?
A
R. superficialis lateralis and medialis of the N. radialis
22
Q
Where can the N. fibularis superficialis be reached?
A
Medial of the extensor digitorum lateralis muscle, proximal to the tarsus
23
Q
Where can the deep fibular nerve be reached in canine?
A
2 cm from the superficial fibular nerve in a medial direction (dog)
24
Q
Which vessel runs with the saphenous nerve?
A
A. & V. femoralis → medial saphenous vein → cranial artery of the medial saphenous vein
25
Where do you measure the pulse in the metatarsal area?
Dorsally on the A. tibialis cranialis
26
Which is the main artery of the retina?
A. retinalis centralis → A. ophthalmic → carotid internus
27
Blood collection sites / intravenous injection sites in canine?
V. saphena lat., V. cephalica, V. jugularis externa
28
Blood collection sites / intravenous injection sites in equine?
Vena jugularis externa, V. facialis, V. auricularis lat., V. epigastrica cranialis superfacialis
29
Blood collection sites / intravenous injection sites in swine?
V. cava cranialis, V. auricularis, vein caudalis lateralis
30
Blood collection sites / intravenous injection sites in ruminants?
V. jugularis externa V. caudalis mediana / sacrococcygea, V. epigastrica caudalis
31
Pulse points in horse?
Incisura vasorum facialium
transversa faciei - under the crista facialis
A. digitalis palmaris communis II - med. + dist. at MC II
A. mediana cubiti - elbow
32
Pulse points in canine?
A. femoralis - med. on the thigh
33
Pulse points in ruminants?
A. coccygealis - vent. On the tail
Also possible: A. facialis + A. palmaris
34
Which blood vessels supply the thoracic glandulae mammariae?
➔ A. + V. thoracica interna
➔ A. + V. pudenda externa - A. + V. epigastrica supf. - Rami mammariae
35
Who has the antimesenteric artery?
ru and ca
36
Which muscle structures run in the sustentaculum tali?
➔ M. flexor digitalis lateralis
➔ M. tibialis caudalis
37
What forms the Tendo calcaneus communis?
Tendo plantaris: M. flexor digitorum superficialis (OBS)
Tendo achillis: M. gastrocnemius
Tendo accessorius: M. biceps femoris, M. semitendinosus, M. gracilis
38
Name the gliding surfaces for the flexor tendons of the lower limb in eq.
➔ Proximal scutum: proximal sesamoid bones (+ palmar ligament)
➔ medial scutum: medial palmar ligament + rectum sesamoid ligament + coronary bone
➔ distal scutum: distal sesamoid bones
39
Which structures run in the upper (proximal) common tendon sheath?
➔ M. flexor digitorum superficialis
➔ M. flexor digitorum profundus
➔ A. digitailis palmaris communis II
➔ N. palmaris medialis ex N. medianus
40
Which tendon runs under the lateral collateral ligament of the knee?
➔ Tendon of origin of the popliteus muscle
41
From which meniscus does the meniscofemoral ligament arise in the dog?
➔ From the lateral meniscus insertion
42
What are the names of the patellar ligaments in cattle?
➔ Lig. Patellae mediale
➔ Lig. Patellae laterale
➔ Lig. Patellae intermediumsecures
43
Which ligament is attached to the joint capsule of the knee joint?
➔ Medial collateral ligament
44
Bursa on the knee joint?
➔ Bursa infrapatellaris proximalis (Ca: not)
➔ Bursa infrapatellaris distalis
➔ Bursa subcutanea prepatellarum
➔ Eq: Bursa subligamentose prepatellaris
45
Which joints does the carpal joint consist of?
➔ Art. Radiocarpal
➔ Art. Ulnocarpeum
➔ Art. Mediocarpeum
➔ Art. Carpometacarpeum
➔ Art. Intercarpea
46
Joints of the tarsus?
➔ Art. Talocalcanea
➔ Art. Tarsocruralis
➔ Art. Talocalcaneocentralis
➔ Art. Calcaneoquartalis
➔ Art. Centrodistalis
➔ Art. Intertarsea
➔ art tarsodistometatarsea.
47
Heart sound can be heard furthest cranially?
➔ Pulmonary valves
48
Where do you find cardiac dullness in cattle on the right side?
No, there is no cardiac depression. The right side of the bovine heart is covered by the lungs
49
Which lymph node is in front of (cranial) the scapula?
Ln. Cervicalis supf.
50
Which lymph node is located between the latissimus dorsi muscle and the deep pectoral muscles?
➔ Ln. Axillaris accessorius
51
Which lymph nodes are located between the legs in dogs?
➔ Ln. Inguinalis (Lnn. Mammaria / Lnn. Scrotalis)
52
Which lymph nodes do you feel during the rectal examination of the horse?
➔ Ln. Mesenteric cran. + caud. (only if enlarged)
➔ Ln. Caecalis
53
Name the lymph nodes that are ventral to the paralumbar fossa in horses:
➔ Lnn. Subiliaci
54
Which mesentery is associated with the kidney?
Mesoduodenum
55
What is the composition of the omental bursa?
➔ Vestibulum bursae omentalis
➔ aditus ad recessum caudalum
➔ recessus caudalis omentalis
56
Does the stomach make contact with the abdominal wall in the different ssp?
➔ Ca: No - only sometimes when the stomach is very full.
➔ Su: Yes
➔ Ru: Yes
➔ Eq: No
57
In which race does the stomach come into contact with the abdominal wall?
cattle
58
Why does the horse's stomach NOT reach the ventral abdominal wall?
➔ Ascending colon (flexura sternalis + diaphragmatica) touch the abdominal wall, stomach placed dorsally
59
Where is the spleen in the different species?
➔ Poultry: Left side
➔ Ca: Left abdominal wall, protrudes behind the cartilago costalis, 10-13 ic
➔ Eq: 10-18 intercostal space on the dorsal left side; when the stomach is, it can protrude from the costal arch
➔ Ru: 7 / 8-13 ic
60
What can cause constipation in eq? In which section of the intestine?
➔ Close Flexura pelvina
➔ Tight transverse colon
➔ ileocaecale at the papilla
➔ if small intestine into the For. epiploicum
61
Where is the ostium iliocaecale in the horse?
Ventral right side
62
Where is the small intestine (jejunum) in the horse?
Left dorsal caudal
63
Where is the pelvic flexure in the horse?
caudal left side
64
Where is the ampulla coli?
Colon dorsale dextrum
65
Position of the descending colon?
right side
66
Where is the expansion of the colon in the horse?
Ampulla Coli - lies on the dorsal colon
67
Position of the basis caeci?
Right dorsal posterior abdominal cavity - starvation pit / flank
68
Position of the corpus caeci?
ventral abdominal wall, cranially medial between the ventral colon were
69
The apex caeci?
➔ Cartilago xiphoidea, ventral and median
70
Where is the caecum in the horse?
➔ Base caeci: right, caudal, dorsal → flank / starvation pit
➔ Corpus caeci: right, direction ventral (vent. Abdominal wall) tendency to median
➔ Apex caeci: median, on the sternum
71
What are the Taenia vasculosa in the horse's cecum?
➔ Taenia medialis
➔ Taenia lateralis
72
Course of the ileum in horses ?
➔ From left to right
73
Where is the gallbladder in the dog?
➔ On the right side in the direction of the median plane, between the lobus hepatis quadratus and the lobe hepatis medialis dexter
74
Which structure lies cranially from the lig. Vesicae lateralis?
➔ Lig. Teres vesicae
75
Where is the Omasum?
➔ Ventrally in the interthoracic abdominal cavity, on the right side, dorsal to the reticulum
76
Where is the abomasum located and is it in contact with the abdominal wall?
➔ It is on the right and touches the ventral custom wall.
➔ Yes, inclined to the right ventrally
77
What is the position of the omasum in relation to the reticulum?
➔ Right dorso-caudal
78
Position of the reticulum?
➔ 7-9 intercostal space, left ventral abdominal
79
Where is the attachment of the great omentum in cattle?
Sulcus longitudinalis
80
What can be found in the rectal examination of the cattle?
➔ Left: rumen, abomasum
➔ Right: intestinum tenue, flexura duodeni caudalis, vesica urinaria, uterus, colon
➔ Middle : both kidneys, left ureter, ovaries
81
Where can the liver be found in cattle?
➔ To the right of the omasum
82
Which organ is to the right of the Omasum?
liver
83
In which direction does the left renal hilum point in cattle?
dorsal
84
What is between the dorsal and ventral rumen sac?
➔ Ostium intraruminal
➔ Sulcus longitudinalis dexter + sinister
➔ If asked from the right: with sulcus accessorius → Insula ruminis Ostium ruminalesac
85
Which rumenis in the omental bursa in ruminants?
➔ The ventral rumen sac
86
Folds of the rumen
➔ Sulcus accessorius dexter + sinister
➔ Sulcus coronarius dorsalis + ventralis
➔ Sulcus cranialis + caudalis
➔ Sulcus ruminoreticularis
87
Using TWO of the following: “Left / Right / Medial /Lateral / Proximal / Distal” & neighbouring anatomical structure as a reference point, describe the location of tuber sacrale.
Medial proximal & mediodorsal from the tuber coxae
88
Using TWO of the following: “Left / Right / Medial /Lateral / Proximal / Distal” & neighbouring anatomical structure as a reference point, describe the location of Greater Tubercle.
Lateral proximal & is craniolateral of the humeral head
89
Using TWO of the following: “Left / Right / Medial /Lateral / Proximal / Distal” & neighbouring anatomical structure as a reference point, describe the location of Descending Duodenum
Right lateral & ventral to 9th intercostal space to 6th lumbar vertebra and proximal to base of caecum
90
Using TWO of the following: “Left / Right / Medial /Lateral / Proximal / Distal” & neighbouring anatomical structure as a reference point, describe the location of Fibula
Lateral proximal & lateral to the tibia
91
Using TWO of the following: “Left / Right / Medial /Lateral / Proximal / Distal” & neighbouring anatomical structure as a reference point, describe the location of Pelvic Flexure
Left medial & in pelvic inlet between coxal tuberosities and the ventral abdominal wall, medial to ileum
92
Give the Latin name of: Hock
art. tarsi
93
Give the Latin name of: Distal sesamoid bone
ossa sesamoideum distale
94
Give the Latin name of: Medial splint bone
Ossa metacarpalia secundum
95
Give the Latin name of: Pastern bone
Os coronale / Phalanx media
96
Give the Latin name of Navicular bone
Ossa sesamoideum distale
97
Number of thoracic vertebrae in Equine
18
98
Number of lumbar vertebrae in Canine
7
99
Dental formula in horse is 3,1,3(4),3 (Upper) 3,1,3,3 (Lower) true or false?
true
100
True or false?: There are 2 separate sinus systems in the Horse
false they all communicate
101
True or false?: Gastric-like dilatation is located in the left dorsal part of colon
false: in stomach
102
True or false?: Pelvic flexure goes from dorsal to ventral
false: ventral to dorsal
103
True or false?: Musculus peroneus longus is part of the stay apparatus
false A. peroneus tertius is
104
If tuber calcanei is fractured; what can’t the horse do?
Extend hock
105
If a pin is placed into the calcaneus to stabilize it; which tendons must it go through?
Gastrocnemius and SDF tendons (could not find exact answer so not sure if correct)
106
Describe the following injection sites; using neighbouring anatomical structures as reference Digital sheath in Eq hindlimb
below hock SDF & DDF in a common sheath, above hock DDF in an independent sheath. All digital extensors have a sheath.
107
Describe the following injection sites; using neighbouring anatomical structures as reference Lumbosacral region in Dog
L3-S2
108
Describe the following injection sites; using neighbouring anatomical structures as reference Saphenous vein in Dog
Medial saphenous runs to the femoral vein, lateral saphenous is a branch of the cutaneous caudal femoral vein
109
Describe the following injection sites; using neighbouring anatomical structures as reference Stifle joint in Eq
Consists of femorotibial articulation (femoral and tibial condyles), femoropatellar articulation (femoral trochlea and the patella), and the proximal tibio-fibular articulation
110
Which lymph nodes can you feel in rectal examination of a horse?
Mesenteric and cecal (only if enlarged) lymph nodes
111
What recess can you find at acute margin of the lung?
Recessus costodiaphragmaticus
112
What are the puncta maxima of the heart?
*table*
113
Where can you find the cardiac dullness of Ru. On the right side?
No cardiac dullness as incisura cardiaca very small due to lungs covering
114
What urogenital lig. Can be used for orientation during rectal examination of Eq?
Lig. renolienalis
115
What diverticulum can you feel in rectal examination of Ru?
Sub-urethral diverticulum
116
Which male accessory gland is found around the neck of the bladder of dog?
Prostate
117
What are the injection sites for common peroneal nerve (dog+horse)?
- Eq:12-15 cm prox to calcanean tub. In between long and lateral digital extensors
- Dog: distally mid way between hock and stifle, in the groove between long digital extensor and peroneus longus (for deep perineal nerve) Second option: block nerve where it is palpable at proximal-lateral fibular head (common peroneal nerve)
118
What is the lateral point of injection into the stifle?
Eq + dog: recess of extensor groove (between tibial tub. & lateral condyle)
119
Does the perineum cover the cervix?
Yes
120
On which direction run the last limb of duodenum in horse?
Short ascending duodenum runs cranial on the left side
121
Where is the dilatation of the colon in the horse located?
Ampulla colli located in the right dorsal colon, caudally
122
Efferent nerve of pupillary reflex?
Occulomotor nerve (III)
123
What are auscultation / percussion?
- Auscultation: listening, either directly or through a stethoscope, to sounds within the body
- Percussion: tapping on the body surface to detect resonance
124
Which sound is the first heart sound?
Systolic (closure of the cuspid valves)
125
Which is the second heart sound?
Diastolic (closure of semilunar valves)
126
In which species is the stomach is in contact with the wall?
Ru, sus and dog (only when full sometimes)
127
When can’t you hear the heart sound?
during inspiration
128
Which species have a suburethral diverticulum?
Ru and Su
129
Where is the esophagus placed in the upper neck?
Cervically, dorsal to trachea and shifts to left on its way to thoracic part
130
How many opening of mammary glands in each species?
ca: 10
eq: 2
bo: 2
sow: 12-14
fe: 8
131
Location of spleen in poultry?
left side
132
Name the patellar ligaments in cattle?
Medial, intermediate, lateral
133
Dental formula of dog?
2*(3/3, 1/1, 4/4, 2/3) = 42
134
Dental formula of Eq?
2*(3/3, 1/1, 3(4)/3, 3/3) = 40(42)
135
Dental formula of Ru?
2*(0/3, 0/1, 3/3, 3/3) = 32
136
What is the best place to check pulse in cattle?
Coccygeal artery but also facial and transverse facial arteries
137
Ribs number in the different species?
Ca:13, Eq: 18, Ru:13, Su:14
138
Which nerves are anaesthetised when dehorning
Cornual n. (branch of lacrimal – ophthalmic – trigeminal) + C1-C2 (cervical nn.) + n. auricularis caudalis
