Questions🔋

Question 1

Cows milk contain lactose and people with lactose intolerant can’t drink cows milks,in figure 1 there is an instrument with contain beads which are embed with lactase placed in tube and cow milk is passed through so state the advantage of using this method than just adding lactase to milk?

Answer 1

1-lactase beads can be reused
2-no need to remove lactase in milk before consumption
3-continuous process

Question 2

Explain why homogenised cell is kept on ice cold and isotonic and buffered conditions

Answer 2

1-reduce enzymes damage
2-prevent organelle damage by osmosis
3-keep ph same

Question 3

Describe and explain why the following processes are necessary to isolate ribosome from a homogenised cell solution.
1)filtration
2)ultracentrifugation

Answer 3

1-Remove whole cells
Ribosomes are small so they remain in solution /pass through filter
2-centrifuge spun at low speed collect heavy pellets but re-spinning it at high speed collect small pellets like ribosomes(at bottom)

Question 4

Describe how the structure and f chloroplast is related to its function

Answer 4

Thylakoids are staked in grana which contain chlorophyll (absorption of light energy from sun) connected by lamella increasing surface are for photosynthesis
Stroma contains enzymes for photosynthesis
DNA and ribosome for protein synthesis
And starch grains for energy storage

Question 5

A secretory cell from pancreas contains mitochondria and RER and nucleus,explain how cell is adapted to its function.

Answer 5

-Lots of RER
Ribosomes /Golgi apparatus
For high rate of protein synthesis and transportation
-Lots of mitochondria for ATP

Question 6

State the function of vacuole in plant cell.

Answer 6

-Has a single membrane (tonoplast) prevents wilting by giving it turgidity
-has cell sap(salts,sugars,amino acids)
Which acts as a temporary food storage

Question 7

Describe 3 ways in which genetic material is organised differently prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell.

Answer 7

-Eukaryotic is linear (chromosomes stored as DNA) in eukaryotic is circular (plasmids)

-Eukaryotic is free floating in cytoplasm

-Eukaryotic form chromatin which is a protein histones wrapped around a chromosome