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1
Q

Which of the following do the superior articular facets of the atlas connect to?

A

Occipital condyles

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2
Q

What process from the C2 vertebrae projects upwards into the vertebral foramen of the C1?

A

Dens

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3
Q

Which of the following structures of a normal cervical vertebra does the atlas NOT have?

A

Vertebral body

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4
Q

Which of the following ligaments DOESN’T hold the dens against the atlas?

A

Anterior longitudinal ligament

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5
Q

Atlas has no body or spinous process.

A

True

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6
Q

The atlantoaxial joint is a pivot joint.

A

True

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7
Q

The Atlas vertebral foramen is in a triangular shape.

A

False

Ring Shape

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8
Q

The Atlas has a lateral mass.

A

True

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9
Q

The atlanto-occipital joint is a _____ joint.

A

hinge

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10
Q

The facets on the atlas point ______.

A

medial posteriorly

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11
Q

The _____ ligament holds the dens against the Atlas.

A

transverse

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12
Q

The _____ goes through the transverse foramen on the Atlas.

A

vertebral artery

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13
Q

Rotation between the Atlas and the Axis is _____ .

A

90 degrees

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14
Q

What’s the primary function of the axis?

A

Rotation of the head

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15
Q

All of these are ligaments that connect to the Dens process except…

A

Spinal Cord

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16
Q

The Cruciform Ligament consists of what ligament?

A

Both A and B

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17
Q

The superior articular facets of the axis (C2) are oriented medially and posteriorly to articulate with the atlas.

A

False

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18
Q

The primary motion of the head in relation to the neck is rotation in the transverse plane around the axis, allowing the head to turn left and right.

A

True

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19
Q

Normal cervical flexion is approximately 80 degrees, while cervical extension is around 50 degrees.

A

True

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20
Q

The lower cervical vertebrae (C3–C7) primarily contribute to rotational movement of the neck, while the atlas and axis are responsible for flexion and extension.

A

False

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21
Q

The axis is known as the ____ cervical vertebrae.

A

second

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22
Q

The axis allows for ____ degrees of rotation total.

A

80-90

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23
Q

The ____ process is associated with the axis.

A

Dens

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24
Q

Cervical vertebrae have spinous processes that are split in two, referred to as ____.

A

bifid

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25
Which of the following is the total ROM of rotation in the cervical region?
160
26
Name of ligament that holds together the bodies of C1 and C2?
cruciform ligament
27
What is the ratio of vertebral disc to vertebral body in the cervical region?
2:5
28
The atlanto-occipital joint primarily allows for flexion and extension of the head (nodding yes).
True
29
The atlanto-axial joint is the main site of cervical rotation (shaking the head no).
True
30
The cervical spine contributes more to lateral flexion than the thoracic or lumbar spine.
False
31
Cervical vertebrae have the smallest vertebral bodies to allow for maximum weight-bearing capacity.
False
32
What is the shape of the cervical opening in C3-C7 vertebrae?
Triangle or Triangular
33
What are the parts of the cruciform ligament?
Superior fasciculus, inferior fasciculus, and the transverse ligament
34
How many degrees of rotation are possible in the entire thoracic spine?
70
35
How many vertebrae make up the thoracic region of the spine?
12
36
What is the MAIN purpose of the thoracic spine?
Stabilization and rotation of torso
37
Which region of the spine has the least mobility?
Thoracic
38
Why are the thoracic vertebrae the least mobile?
They articulate with the ribs
39
The Thoracic and Lumbar vertebrae have 60 degrees of flexion.
True
40
Thoracic vertebrae allow less movement compared to cervical and lumbar regions.
True
41
Thoracic vertebrae have costal facets that articulate with the ribs.
True
42
The spinal cord passes through the thoracic vertebrae via the vertebral foramen.
True
43
Intervertebral discs are thick as _______ of body height.
⅕
44
The thoracic spine displays two dimensional movements which are _______ and _______ while heavy breathing.
posteriorly and vertically
45
Thoracic vertebrae are larger than ________ vertebrae, but yet still smaller than _______ vertebrae.
cervical, lumbar
46
In order to bend to the side, the __________ has to drop and _________ __________ occurs for the movement enabling flexibility.
sternum, and lateral flexion
47
What is the ratio of vertebral disc to vertebral body in the Lumbar Region?
1 : 3
48
What type of Lens/Curve is the Lumbar Spine?
Concave/ Lordotic
49
What shape are the spinous processes of the lower Lumbar Spine?
Paddle Shaped
50
Which of the following is not a part of a Lumbar Vertebrae?
All the above are part of the lumbar vertebrae
51
What muscle connects to the lumbar spine?
Spinalis
52
The facet joints in the lumbar spine move 5-8mm flexion/extension.
True
53
The bodies of the lumbar vertebrae are made of cortical/compact bone.
False ## Footnote trabecular
54
The facet joints in the mid lumbar spine are primarily in the sagittal plane.
True
55
In the sacroiliac joint, the sacrum articular surface is more convex, while the iliac articular surface is more concave.
False ## Footnote sacral surface more concave, iliac surface more convex
56
The thoracic and lumbar spine together have about 90 degrees of flexion.
False ## Footnote 60
57
The vertebral bodies of ______ are responsible for supporting body weight.
L1-L5
58
There are _______ vertebrates in the lumbar spine.
five
59
With age the lumbar spine can lose ________.
flexibility
60
A common sports-related injury is called ________.
lumbar strain
61
All of these are differences between the run and walk phase EXCEPT
toe off?
62
The cycle time for walking is 1.5 seconds per cycle.
False ## Footnote 1 second per cycle
63
The foot goes from supinated in heel strike, pronated in midstance, and supinated in heel off.
True
64
At heel strike, the pelvis is posteriorly tilted.
False ## Footnote anteriorly tilted
65
The Anterior Tibialis is the primary muscle used in heel strike.
True
66
The body weight on each foot per walking strike is 2-6x of your body weight when walking.
False ## Footnote 1-1.5x BW
67
When walking, there is a double float stage where both feet are momentarily off the ground.
False ## Footnote Double Stance, both feet make contact to the ground
68
Walking if 60% stance and ___% swing, while running is ___% stance.
40, 38-45
69
What is the ROM for knee flexion at foot strike?
15-40 degrees
70
Which of the following describes the stance phase in running best?
When one foot is in contact with the ground
71
During the push-off phase of running, which muscle is most responsible for ankle plantarflexion?
Gastrocnemius
72
Which phase of the running gait involves the highest ground reaction forces?
Initial contact
73
How does running differ from walking biomechanically?
Running has a float phase where both feet are off the ground
74
At foot strike the pelvis is tilted ________.
posteriorly
75
The knee needs ______ degrees of flexion at toe off.
15 degrees
76
Running begins at _____ mph.
4.5 mile per hour
77
Running has a ____ phase. No double support.
float
78
During running the main function of the arms is _____
balance
79
When testing core stabilization, one has excellent core stability when their legs are fully extended and…
Both A and C
80
When doing the core exercise “crunch,” The abdominal muscle primarily used is…
Rectus Abdominis
81
What happens during Hoop Tension?
Primarily, the Transverse Abdominis contracts
82
The Rectus Abdominis connects to the…
Pubic Symphysis
83
Your “Six Pack” is the…
Rectus Abdominis
84
What exercise would you use to strengthen your external and internal obliques?
Side Plank
85
The fiber directions of the external oblique run…
/
86
The deepest ab muscle is the internal oblique.
False ## Footnote transverse abdominis
87
The most superficial abdominal muscle is the rectus abdominis.
True
88
The abs help to stabilize the back.
True
89
The order of ab muscles from superficial to deep is: Rectus abdominis, transverse abdominis, internal oblique, and external oblique.
False
90
The abs help create _______ tension.
hoop
91
The rectus abdominis muscle performs trunk __________.
flexion
92
The transverse abdominis has a ________ fiber direction.
horizontal
93
Which erector spinae muscle is the most lateral?
Iliocostalis
94
The Spinalis muscle in the Erector Spinae set is most medial.
True
95
The Iliocostalis muscle attaches from the ribs to the spinous processes.
False ## Footnote ribs to iliac crest
96
The fibers of the Erector Spinae Set are vertically oriented.
True
97
The three main columns of the Erector spinae set are ________, _________, and ________.
Spinalis, longissimus, and Iliocostalis
98
When the Erector Spinae set contract unilaterally, _______ occurs.
lateral flexion
99
When the Erector Spinae set contract bilaterally, _______ occurs.
extension
100
What is the Erector spinae group primarily responsible for back _______.
extension

Kinesiology Exam 3 (5 decks)

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