questions

Question 0

T/F: Dermatophytes thrive on dead keratin found on the top layer of skin, nails, and hair.

Answer 0

True

Question 1

what antifungals belong to the thiocarbamate class?

Answer 1

tolnaftate is the only anti fungal is this class

Question 2

what kind of fungal infection thrives in warm moist areas?

Answer 2

Candida (yeast)

Question 3

what causes most fungal infections of the skin?

Answer 3

dermatophytes

Question 4

where are Candida fungal infections found?(5)

Answer 4

• vagina
• groin
• penis
• skin folds
• mouth

Question 5

how are mycoses caused by the Dermatophyte tinea named?

Answer 5

The site of infection

Question 6

what are some tinea fungal infections?

Answer 6

1. Tinea manus - hands
2. Tinea corporis - body
3. Tinea captitis - head (“cap”)
4. Tinea unguium - nails
5. Tinea pedis - foot

Question 7

T/F: athletes foot is a common fungal infection that affects athletes

Answer 7

false

affects athletes and nonathletes

Question 8

who is more susceptible to athletes foot?

Answer 8

individuals who have abrasions on the feet

Question 9

T/F: many fungi are beneficial and do not cause disease

Answer 9

true
eg., mushrooms, penicillin
however others can cause severe illness

Question 10

fungal infections are called______.

Answer 10

mycoses

Question 11

what kind of infections are common and affect up to 20% of the population?

Answer 11

Dermatophyte

Question 12

what are some ways to prevent athletes foot?(6)

Answer 12

• keep feet dry and clean
• wear open sandals to permit fee to breathe
• avoid walking barefoot across public facilities
• wear cotton socks
• change socks daily
• use antifungal powders to prevent recurrent infections

Question 13

what causes ringworm infections?

Answer 13

tinea fungi

Question 14

what are the five places ringworm may occur?

Answer 14

1. scalp
2. body
3. feet
4. fingernails
5. toenails

Question 15

is ringworm contagious? if so how is it spread?

Answer 15

yes, it is spread by physical contact with infected services or lesions

Question 16

T/F: cats and dogs maybe carriers of ringworm and can spread it to humans

Answer 16

true

ringworm can spread between animals and humans

Question 17

infections caused by T. mentagrophytes, T. rubrum, and M. canis get their common name how?

Answer 17

patches and plaques form in a distinctive circular pattern, giving the name ‘ring’ worm

Question 18

T/F: ringworm is caused by an infectious worm

Answer 18

false

caused by a fungus

Question 19

what is Tinea capitis?

Answer 19

occurs on the scalp and can cause bald patches

Question 20

how are echinocandins administered??

Answer 20

parenterally

Question 21

what is vulvovaginal candidiasis?

Answer 21

-also known as yeast vaginitis or moniliasis

Question 22

what are the signs and symptoms of vulvovaginal candidiasis?(4)

Answer 22

• itching
• cottage cheese like vaginal discharge
• Burning
• pain during intercourse

Question 23

what is a candida infection and where is it found?

Answer 23

• thrush

- oral cavity

Question 24

T/F: thrush is an opportunistic infection that occurs in adults with diseases that affect the immune system

Answer 24

true

Question 25

what is another name for fungal infections of the nails?

Answer 25

onychomycosis

Question 26

with which route of administration of drugs is it hard to treat onychomycosis? why?

Answer 26

hard to treat with topically applied antifungals because it is difficult for drugs to penetrate the nail and nail bed

Question 27

T/F: age, diabetes, and poor hygiene are risk factors for vulvovaginal candidiasis

Answer 27

true | other factors include-decreased immune status, pregnancy, sexual activity, drug therapy

Question 28

what kinds of drug therapy increase the risk of vulvovaginal candidiasis?(5)

Answer 28

1. hormone replacement therapy 2. oral contraceptives 3. antibiotics 4. immunosuppressives 5. corticosteroids

Question 29

what three fungal infections are cured using OTC drugs?

Answer 29

1. Vulvovaginal candidiasis 2. jock itch 3. athletes foot

Question 30

what are the three mechanisms of action for antifungal agents?

Answer 30

1. destroying the fungi cell membrane 2. interference with the synthesis of nucleic acids needed for replication 3. inhibit the synthesis of the fungi cell wall

Question 31

which imidazoles are RX only?(3)

Answer 31

- econazole - oxiconazole - sulconazole

Question 31

what imidazoles are OTC?(5)

Answer 31

1. butoconazole 2. clotrimazole 3. ketoconazole 4. miconazole 5. tioconazole

Question 33

what is the method of administration of caspofungin?

Answer 33

parenterally(IV)

Question 34

what are the five RX only triazoles?

Answer 34

1. fluconazole 2. irtaconazole 3. posaconazole 4. terconazole 5. voriconazole

Question 35

______&______ interfere with ergosterol, an essential components needed for the synthesis of the fungal cell membrane

Answer 35

imidazoles & triazoles

Question 36

how do allylamine antifungals work?

Answer 36

stunt the growth of susceptible fungi are blocking an enzyme needed for the synthesis of ergosterol

Question 36

what is the mechanism of action for thiocarbamates?

Answer 36

stunts the growth of susceptible dermatophytes

Question 37

T/F: Turbinafine is effective against fungal infections of the nails

Answer 37

true

Question 38

how long after discontinuing terbinafine to therapeutic levels persist in the skin?

Answer 38

2-3 weeks

Question 39

how are polyene antifungal's derived?

Answer 39

-from the fungi like bacteria streptomyces

Question 40

what is nystatin used for?

Answer 40

treats candida infections of the skin and mucosas membranes.

Question 41

what are amphotericin B drugs used in the treatment for?

Answer 41

systemic infections caused by candidiasis, histoplasma, and aspergilla.

Question 42

what are four types of fungi?

Answer 42

1. Mold 2. mildew 3. yeast 4. mushrooms

Question 43

where is the antibiotic penicillin derived from?

Answer 43

Mold

Question 44

what is Aspergillus fumigatus?

Answer 44

A mold that also causes serious respiratory infection

Question 45

how is candida identified?

Answer 45

A potassium hydroxide (KOH) stain is applied to a sample of cells from the infected area

Question 47

T/F: thrush is most common infants

Answer 47

true

Question 48

what are the adverse effects of thiocarbamates?

Answer 48

adverse reactions are mild; they include irritation of the site of application, itching, or burning

Question 49

what is a common ending for some antifungal agents?

Answer 49

-azole

Question 54

what are the adverse effects of echinocandins?

Answer 54

they can cause elevated liver enzyme levels, diarrhea, and hypokalemia