questions

Question 1

How long is pain for MI vs angina ?

Answer 1

MI >20 mins, angina - minutes

Question 2

What are the cardiovascular risk factors

Answer 2

Smoking
Hypertension 
Hyperlipidaemia
Diabetes
Sedentary lifestyle
Poor diet
Family history 
Age 
Gender

Question 3

How is severity measured for intermittent claudication

Answer 3

Distance patient can walk before developing pain

Question 4

How do you measure BMI

Answer 4

Weight (kg) / height 2 (m)

Question 5

Classifications for BMI

Question 6

How to measure WHR

Answer 6

Waist /hip circumference

Question 7

What do you look for in hands in cardio exam

Answer 7

Nicotine stains, clubbling, anaemia

Question 8

What are the heart borders

Answer 8

• Superior - line joining 2nd left and 3rd right costal cartilages, 2cm from sternal edge
• Right - line joining 3rd right and 6th right costal cartilages, 2cm from sternal edge
• Inferior - 6th right costal cartilage to 5th left intercostal space in mid clavicular line, 2cm from sternal edge
• Left - 5th left intercostal space in mid clavicular line to 2nd left costal cartilage, 2cm from sternal edge

Question 9

Where are valves - surface anatomy

Answer 9

Line in oblique line behind sternum, from 2nd left to right 6th costal cartilage
From superior to inferior - PAMT

Question 10

Where listen for each valve

Answer 10

Mitral - apex
Tricuspid - left side of sternum at 5th costal cartilage
Pulmonary - left of sternum in 2nd intercostal space
Aortic - right of sternum in 2nd intercostal space
(MTPA)

Question 11

What are you looking for in hands in resp exam

Answer 11

Clubbing, nicotine stains, anaemia

Question 12

Surface anatomy - apex of lungs

Answer 12

2.5cm above medial 3rd of clavicles

Question 13

Medial right left borders of lungs

Answer 13

Medial - lateral border of sternum to 4th costal cartilage
Right - downwards to 6th rib in mid clavicular line, 8th in mid-axillary, 10th rib adacent to vertebral column posteriorly
Left - similar except deviates laterally at 4th costal cartilage to form cardiac notch

Question 14

Posterior border of lung

Answer 14

C7 to T10 4cm from midline

Question 15

Oblique fissure

Answer 15

Spinous process of T2 to 6th costal cartilage anteriorly

Question 16

Right horizontal fissure

Answer 16

4th costal cartilage back to oblique fissure

Question 17

Lines of pleural reflection

Answer 17

Parallel those of lungs, but pass further inferiorly to 8th rib in mid-clavicular line, 10th in mix-axillary, 12th in paravertebral

Question 18

definition of chronic cough

Answer 18

> 8 weeks

Question 19

haemoptysis vs haematemesis what does blood look like

Answer 19

haemoptysis - bright red and frothy

haematemesis - dark red, not frothy

Question 20

abdo exam - what looking for in hands

Answer 20

leuconychia, clubbing, palmar erythema, pallor of palmar creases, dupuytren’s contracture

Question 21

what causes metabolic flap

Answer 21

advanced liver disease - caused by hepatic encephalopathy which occurs when high levels of ammonia interfere with brain cell function

Question 22

where are spider naevi usually, what sign of

Answer 22

neck, chest, arms, back

sign of chronic liver disease (can occur with pregnancy, pill)

Question 23

two types of dysphagia

Answer 23

oropharyngeal - problem with initiation

oesophageal - problem after initiation

Question 24

some causes of oropharyngeal dysphagia

Answer 24

MS, stroke, parkinsons, myesthenia gravis

Question 25

two reasons for oesophageal dysphagia

Answer 25

mechanical obstruction - problem with solids only, all the time motility disorder - problem with solids and liquids, intermittent

Question 26

margins of liver

Answer 26

plane between nipples, protrudes from costal margin only on deep inspiration

Question 27

margins of call bladder

Answer 27

projects just below liver where mid-clavicular line crosses costal margin

Question 28

mcBurney's point

Answer 28

1/3rd way along line from right ASIS to umbilicus

Question 29

position of kidneys

Answer 29

left - rib 11 to L3 | right - rib 12 to L3

Question 30

position of spleen

Answer 30

posteriorly along line of left 9th to 11th rib, following contour of 10th rib, antero-laterally to left kidney, extending around to mid-axillary line

Question 31

acute subacute and chronic diarrhoea classification

Answer 31

acute - less or equal to 10 days subacute - 2-4 weeks chronic - > 4 months

Question 32

cause of post-hepatic jaundice

Answer 32

obstruction

Question 33

cause of pre-hepatic jaundice

Answer 33

haemolysis

Question 34

cause of hepatic jaundice

Answer 34

decreased uptake conjugation or secretion of bile

Question 35

causes of post-hepatic jaundice

Answer 35

stones, cancer, cholangitis

Question 36

causes of pre-hepatic jaundice

Answer 36

haemoglobinopathies, drugs, malaria

Question 37

causes of hepatic jaundice

Answer 37

hepatitis, cirrhosis, cancer, gilberts

Question 38

conjugated or unconjugated in types of jaundice

Answer 38

pre - unconjugated hepatic - mixed post - conjugated

Question 39

stool colour in types of jaundice

Answer 39

pre - normal hepatic- pale stool, dark urine post - pale stool, dark urine

Question 40

itchyness in types of jaundice

Answer 40

pre - nothing hepatic - transient post - HEAPS

Question 41

what can bring on jaundice in gilberts

Answer 41

viral illness, fasting

Question 42

4 Ps of jaundice

Answer 42

pee, poo, pruritus, pain