Questions Flashcards
(38 cards)
what are 2 overall types of bone? what are 2 types of lamellar bone? which is more elastic? which has high turnover rate?
- woven and lamellar
- cortical and cancellous
- cancellous
- cancellous
Bone cells: OPG cells come from ___ lineage, differentiation based on low ___ and high ___, what transcription factors signal the Wnt pathway to make osteoblasts?
- mesenchymal
- low strain and high oxygen
- RunX2, Osc, beta-catenin
Wnt proteins are released by ___ cells and bind to ___ which release ___ and activate RunX2
- OPG
- osteoblasts
- beta-catenin
what transcription factor for chondrocytes? how about adipocytes?
- Sox9
- PPARy
what 2 things bind to osteoblasts to make bone? in addition to making bone (type I collagen and alkaline phosphotase), PTH also causes osteoblasts to release ___
- pulsed PTH
- vitamin D3
- RANKL
Osteocyte: lives for ___ days, how do they communicate? secrete ____ which inhibits ___, higher levels of sclerostin lead to ___ bone mass
- 90
- canaliculi
- sclerostin
- osteoblasts
- lower
Osteoclasts: ___ bone, ___ cells in the ___ lineage, resorption occurs at the ___ ___ via ___ ___, how do they bind to the ruffled border? ___ is secreted to lower the pH utilizing what enzyme? this activates ___ K
- resorb
- hematopoetic cells
- macrophage/monocyte
- ruffled border
- Howship’s lacunae
- integrins and vibronectin (Arg-Gly-Asp)
- TRAP
- carbonic anhydrase
- cathepsin
Carbonic anhydrase gives you ___ and cathepsin K gives you ___
- osteopetrosis
- pycknodysostosis
what secretes OPG and what does it do?
- osteoblasts
- binds to RANKL
Calcitonin binds to ___, released from ___ cells, tones down ___ by inhibiting osteoclasts
- osteoclasts
- parafollicular
- Ca
Wolff’s law? Hueter-Volkmann law?
- remodeling occurs in response to stress
- growth is inhibited by compressive forces
fracture callus is ___ bone formation, embryonic flat bones and distraction osteogenesis is ___ bone formation
- enchondral
- intramembranous
primary bone healing is ___ bone formation through ___ ___, secondary bone healing is ___ bone formation with ___ formation
- intramembranous
- cutting cones
- enchondral
- callus
what drugs can decrease bone mineralization
prednisone PPI SSRI heparin anti-epileptic drugs
what is the most likely predictor of a low energy fracture? 1 vertebral compression fx increases chances of hip fracture by ___
- previous fragility fracture
- 5 times
T score is ____ and Z score is ___, use ___ score for treatment,
- not the same age
- same age
- T
FRAX score dx of osteoporosis: 10 year risk of hip fracture and major osteoporotic fx
- 3%
- 20%
Bisphosphonates: 2 types, which makes the ATP analogue and causes apoptosis?
- nitrogen and non-nitrogen containing
- non-nitrogen containing
Prolia aka ____ is an ___ antibody to ____
- denosumab
- IgG
- RANKL
2 types of people forteo is contraindicated in and why?
- paget’s and prior mets
- secondary osteosarcoma transformation
Tendons: 95% type ___ collagen; ___ is the proteoglycan that regulates tendon diameter, ___ binds to water for proteogycans, weakest at ___ days and back to original strength at ___ days; strongest at ___ months
- I
- decorin
- aggrecan
- 7-10
- 21 days
- 6
what is the % of organic and inorganic components of bone? what is the formula for the main inorganic component of bone?
- 40/60
- Ca10 (PO4)6 OH2
OPG is made by ___ and it decoy binds to ___ to prevent the activation of osteoclasts, what hormone in females has this same effect?
- osteoblasts
- RANKL
- estrogen
vitamin ___ helps with the hydroxylation of collagen, made ___ but assembled ___
- C (deficiency results in scurvy)
- intra-cellular
- extra-cellular
