Questions from screenshots from previous year

Question 1

What defines T cell as conventional ?

Answer 1

receptors

Question 2

What is the role of innate lymphocyte 3?

Answer 2

maintains inflammation

Question 3

What antibodies pass through the placenta of swine?

Answer 3

none

Question 4

What are the symptoms of SLE?
- muscle atrophy
- eye symptoms
- both
- neither

Answer 4

neither
SLE = Systemic lupus erythematosus

Question 5

What antibody is able of ADCC?

Answer 5

IgG

ADCC - antibody-dependent cellular toxicity

Question 6

What is Coombs test?

Answer 6

specific form of agglutination

The Coombs test checks your blood for antibodies that attack red blood cells. Positive direct Coombs test means you have antibodies that act against your red blood cells

Question 7

Why do we use adjuvants vaccines?

Answer 7

they can enhance inflammation

An adjuvant is an ingredient used in some vaccines that helps create a stronger immune response in patients receiving the vaccine

Question 8

Which disease can be detected with AGID?

Answer 8

equine infectious anaemia

The agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test detects circulating antibodies to type A influenza group-specific antigens, namely the ribonucleoprotein (RNP) and matrix (M) proteins

Question 9

How is the complement system activated in case of extracellular bacteria?

Answer 9

all three can be activated:
- classical pathway
- alternative pathway
- lectin pathway

Question 10

How to treat autoimmune disease?

Answer 10

anti-inflammatory drugs can help

Question 11

Which of the following plays an important role in the development of oral tolerance?
NK-cells, γδ T cells, neither, both

Answer 11

γδ T cells

Gamma delta T cells (γδ T cells) are T cells that express a unique T-cell receptor (TCR) composed of one γ-chain and one δ-chain. Gamma delta T cells are of low abundance in the body, are found in the gut mucosa, skin, lungs and uterus, and are involved in the initiation and propagation of immune responses.

Question 12

How does tumor cell escape the immune response?
- produces IL-3
- inhibits apoptosis by the decoy receptor
- demarcates itself with connective tissue
- all three

Answer 12

all three can be

Question 13

Why does oral tolerance develop?
- so the body does not react with the microbiota
- so the body does not react with the food
- both
- neither

Answer 13

both

Question 14

How much antibody passes through the mice’s placenta?

Answer 14

IgG, 100%

Question 15

What is NOT a possible types of pemphigus?
- pemphigus foliaceus
- bullous pemphigois
- pemphigus vulgaris
- all of them is a type of pemphigus

Answer 15

all of them is a type of pemphigus

Pemphigus is a disease that causes blistering of the skin and the inside of the mouth, nose, throat, eyes, and genitals. Pemphigus is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks cells in the top layer of the skin (epidermis) and the mucous membranes

Question 16

The dendritic cell can recognize antigen on the mucosa…

Answer 16

from antigens presented by M cells

Question 17

What immune response do Th2 cells enhance?

Answer 17

humoral

Question 18

What is the role of monoclonal antibodies in immunology?

Answer 18

can be used in the diagnosis of autoimmune diseases

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of polyclonal antibodies?
- it is specific for a single epitope of the antigen
- it is produced by several types of lymphocyte clones
- the possibility of cross-reaction is high
- a hypersensitivity reaction can occur

Answer 19

it is specific for a single epitope of the antigen

Question 20

What do we use to diagnose rabies?

Answer 20

IF

Question 21

Which can be a BCR? IgA, IgM, both, neither?

Answer 21

IgM

The B cell receptor (BCR) is a transmembrane protein on the surface of a B cell. A B cell receptor is composed of a membrane-bound immunoglobulin molecule and a signal transduction moiety.

Question 22

Which of the following tumor immunotherapies, is “personalized”?
- therapies targeting immune checkpoint inhibitors
- chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy
- cytokine therapy
- none of the above

Answer 22

chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy

Question 23

What chains does TCR2 have?

Answer 23

1 alpha, 1 beta

Question 24

How does a tumor cell escape the immune response?

Answer 24

acitvates regulatory cells

Question 25

What pathogens' characteristic is efferocytosis?

Answer 25

Listeria monocytogenes Although mechanistically similar to the phagocytic clearance of pathogens, efferocytosis differs from phagocytosis in that it is immunologically silent and induces a tissue repair response.

Question 26

Why is it recommended to separate puppy from its mother later?

Answer 26

because of the immunological window

Question 27

Which cell provide the most effective protection against viruses?

Answer 27

Tc-cells

Question 28

Why are antibodies important in case of intracellular pathogens?

Answer 28

they neutralize pathogen so that it does not enter the cell

Question 29

What is the characteristic of natural immunity?

Answer 29

the antibody has low avidity and the antigen is evolutionally conservative

Question 30

What are the properties of carcinogenesis?

Answer 30

substances predisposing tumorogenesis

Question 31

Which is true about process of homing during mucosal immunity? - migration - retinoic acid is involved - both, none

Answer 31

both are true

Question 32

Where is the paratop?

Answer 32

at the C-terminal part of antibody

Question 33

Where are B cells activated?

Answer 33

in the cortical part of lymph node

Question 34

What cells are called double negative T cells?

Answer 34

which dont have CD4 and CD8 co-receptors

Question 35

Why is the AIRE gene important?

Answer 35

helps to eliminate self-reacting T and B cells

Question 36

What is ABR test?

Answer 36

detection of Brucella abortus antibody in the fresh milk

Question 37

What is the site of haemotopoiesis in fetal age

Answer 37

bone marrow + fetal spleen + fetal liver

Question 38

What role can antibodies NOT have against extracellular bacteria?

Answer 38

answer (but false): the can activate the classical pathway of complement system correct information: opsonization, Tc-cells ativation, neutralization of toxins

Question 39

The dendritic cell can recognize antigen on mucosa

Answer 39

from antigens presented by M cells

Question 40

What process precedes efferocytosis?

Answer 40

apoptosis

Question 41

What kind of cell is a plasmacytoid dendritic cell? - has a common ancestor with dendritic cells - it looks like a plasma cell - both, neither

Answer 41

neither

Question 42

Dendritic cells can recognize antigen on the mucosa by:

Answer 42

they reach into the lumen and pick it up from there

Question 43

How do mature but unactivated T cells arrive in the lymph node?

Answer 43

through HEV High endothelial venules (HEV) are specialized post-capillary venules characterized by plump endothelial cells as opposed to the usual flatter endothelial cells found in regular venules. HEVs enable lymphocytes circulating in the blood to directly enter a lymph node

Question 44

What is needed to activate sleeping T cells?

Answer 44

co-stimulation of APC and antigen

Question 45

What is the role of M cell?

Answer 45

introduces antigens from the lumen in unchanged form into the Payer's plaque

Question 46

What does the term immunological bridge mean?

Answer 46

memory cells produced on the mucosa also appear on all mucous membranes in the skin

Question 47

Why colostrum is important in calves?

Answer 47

from it calf receives maternal IgG

Question 48

What is the conventional B cell?

Answer 48

B2-B cell

Question 49

Why are antibodies important in case of intracellular pathogens?

Answer 49

they neutralize the pathogen so that it does not enter the cell

Question 50

What cell provides the most effective protection ag viruses

Answer 50

NK-cells

Question 51

What characterizes IgM

Answer 51

first antibody to appear

Question 52

Where does B cell mature?

Answer 52

bone marrow and spleen