questions on all systems for assessment Flashcards
1
Q
Brudzinski sign aseessed how
A
Passively flex neck forward to chest
2
Q
Brudzinski sign positive result +
A
+ response is flexion of 1 or both legs to pelvis arms may also flex
3
Q
Kernig’s sign asessed
A
Pt in recumbent position, flex hip & flex @ knee, attempt to extend knee
4
Q
Kernig’s sign positive result is
A
+ is resistance to extension & pain (spasm of hamstring) reliable sign of irritation(r/o HD)
5
Q
CN1 testing is for
A
smell
6
Q
anosmia with CN 1 testing is
A
inablity to smell
7
Q
test Cerebellar Function
A
Romberg’s test:
8
Q
Abnormal Romberg’s test:
A
sways, falls, must widen base of feet to stop fall indicates MS, ETOH, loss of proprioception & vestibular function
9
Q
Test cellebellar function by observing
A
walking smooth
10
Q
CNVIII is
A
Aucustic
11
Q
Test CNVIII
A
test hearing acuity w/ Weber, Rinne
12
Q
Meningeal Irritation have a positive
A
Kernig’s sign
13
Q
Fluent aphasia
A
Wernicke’s
14
Q
Wernicke’s aphasia people can
A
talk & read easily but words nonsensical, jumbled, meaningless
15
Q
Nonfluent aphasia
A
Broca’s
16
Q
Broca’s aphasia people can
A
struggle w/words, slow, monosyllabic
17
Q
Broca’s aphasia is an injury
A
frontal lobe
18
Q
Wernicke’s is an injury
A
temporal or parietal lobe
19
Q
Vibration is abnormal if felt
A
in the knees
20
Q
Vibration is abnormal with
A
peripheral neuropathy as w/DM, ETOH
21
Q
Vestibular dysfunction with injury to CN
A
CNVIII
22
Q
injury to the posterior colum in the brain decrease in
A
tactile Discrimination - Fine Touch
23
Q
test the Posterior Column wit h
A
Stereogenisis
– Graphesthesia – Two-Point Discrimination
24
Q
Abnormal sensory test of the posterior colum =
A
inability to perform indicates lesion of sensory cortex or posterior column
25
Test CN3, 4, 6 with
EOM and PERRLA
26
CN 9 and 10 test
Depress tongue w/blade note pharyngeal movement as Pt says “AHHH”, touch posterior pharyngeal wall for gag reflex, Note voice smooth or strained, swallowing
27
abnormal test of CN 9,10 =
absence or loss of symmetry, uvula does not rise or deviates, no gag, hoarseness, brassiness
28
Neuro test for reflexes you see a snout reflex you suspect
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)
29
snout reflex is
puckering of lips- abn after infancy
30
Cerebral Cortex has temporal werenike's
| associated with
auditory reception
| damage = aphasia
31
Cerebral Cortex has Broca's
frontal lobe mediates speech , damage =
| aphasia
32
CN1 is
Olfactory
33
CN2 is
Optic
34
CN3 is
Oculomotor
35
CN4 is
Troclear
36
CN5 is
Trigeminal
37
CN6 is
Abducens
38
CN7 is
Facial
39
CN8 is
Acoustic
40
CN9 is
Glossopharyngeal
41
CN10 is
Vagus
42
CN11 is
Spinal
43
CN2 is
Hypoglossal
44
Dermatone C6
Thumb
45
Dermatone T4
Nipple line
46
Dermatone T10
Umbilicus
47
Dermatone L5
Top of foot
48
Dermatone S1
Bottom of foot
49
Dermatone S2-S4
perineum
50
Important components of the Neuro exam:
```
Mental status
cranial nerves
motor system
sensory system
cerebellum
gait
```
51
GlasgowComaScale max score
15
52
GlasgowComaScale minimum
3
53
Fully awake
able to respond to various stimuli but maybe disoriented & forgetful
54
Alert:
fully awake & oriented to person,
| place , and time. Able to respond and carry out commands
55
Lethargic
sleepy/drowsy but is arousable w/ gentle shaking, calling of name, falls back to sleep easily, maybe disoriented
56
Obtunded
sleeps most of the time, makes few spontaneous movements, vigorous shaking & name calling required - capable of verbal response but likely inappropriate
57
Stuporous
semi-comatose, unconscious most of time, strong painful stimuli required for w/ drawl response
58
Comatose
can not be aroused
59
Reflexes are
4+ very brisk hyperactive w/clonus = disease – 3+brisker than average, may indicate disease – 2+average, normal
– 1+ diminished, low normal
– 0 no response = SC damage
60
Pathological Reflexes:
Clonus:
| • Upper motor neuron disease, preeclampsia
61
Babinski: norm in infancy until 15-18 months abnormal is
Abn: fan great toe w/toes abduct – lesions pyramidial tract- stroke/trauma
62
freckle,measles, nevus are skin lesion
macule
63
solar lentigos-sun induced well circumscribed is a skin lesion of
macule
64
macule is
flat, circumscribed, nonpalpable, small up to 1 cm a color change
65
mongolian spot, vitiligo, café au lait is skin lesion
Patch: macules > 1cm
66
Papule is
solid, elevated, circumscribed, < 1cm
67
papule looks like a
elevated nevus (mole), molluscum, wart (verruca)
68
Molluscum is a
solid skin colored Papules w/central umbilication
69
primary skin lesion of Plaque are
papules > 1cm plateau like, disc shaped confined to superficial dermis, may result from confluence of papules
70
Nodule is
solid, elevated, hard or soft, > 1cm may extend deeper into the dermis than a papule, can be a xanthoma, fibroma, carcinoma,
71
Tumor is
same but > 2cm can be aipoma, hemangioma - benign or malignant
72
Wheal: superficial, raised, transient,
| erythematous, irregular seen with
insect bite, allergic reaction
73
Urticaia: wheals coalesce to form extensive reaction very pruritic
severe allergic reaction
74
herpes simplex, varicella, herpes zoster, are skin lesions classified as
Vesicle: elevated cavity w/ free fluid up to 1 cm, clear serum flows if opened
75
friction blister, 2nd burn, contact dermatitis are known as
Bulla: as above but > 1cm thin walled, ruptures
| easily
76
acne, impetigo, folliculitus are known as a
Pustule:circumscribed, elevated & filled w/pus in the cavity
77
skin lesion is angular it is
ring shaped
78
skin lesion is Linear
in a line
79
skin lesion is Reticular
net like
80
skin lesion is Gyrate
serpentine
81
skin lesion is Clustered
close proximity
82
skin lesion is Confluent
multiple blended together
83
skin lesion is Dermatonal
along dermatome
84
nail is spoon look for
anemia
85
nail is dirty nails
poor self care
86
nail is bitten nails
anxiety
87
nail is clubbing
angle is 180` w/spongy base, O2 insufficiency
88
nail is paronychia
red swollen nail folds acute is bacterial, chronic is fungal
89
nail is Onycholysis
separation of nail plate from nail bed
90
Yellow nails associated with
Lung disorders
91
White nail syndrome associated
Arsenic, heart disease, CRF
92
Koilonchyia spooning (dented nails) associated with
FE deficiency -spooning
93
stasis, pressure, chancre are classified as
Ulcer: deep depression, extends into dermis & beyond, irregular shape, may bleed, leaves scar
94
Scar is
```
connective tissue (collagen) that replaces healed damaged normal tissue
– eg: after surgery, acne, injury
```
95
ntense itching thickens
| skin produces increased visibility of skin furrows is known as
Lichenification
96
hypertrophic scar, elevated, invasive is known as
Keloid
97
skin lesion >1cm with clear serious fluis is considered a
Bulla
98
Dermatophyte known as ring worm is called
tinea corpis
99
(athletes foot) is known as
tinea pedis
100
Positive Fitzpatricks sign is
is the dimpling and retraction of the lesion beneath the skin with lateral compression seen with Dermatofibromas:
101
Increase your chance of melonoma with what type of sun exposure
Intense, intermittent
| • H/O 2 or more blistering sunburns before 20
102
Malignant Melonoma has ? signs
7
103
what are the 7 letters for assesment of Melanoma
ABCDEEF
104
Assessment Melanoma whar does ABCDEEF mean
Asymmetry in shape - 1/2 unlike other
• Border irregular - scalloped
• Color is mottled - many shades
• Diameter is large > 6 mm (size of pencil eraser)
• Elevation is usual - tangential lighting
• Enlargement- h/o increased size, most important
• Feeling- presence of sensation itching, tenderness, or pain
105
Sharply demarcated erythematous papules & plaques of varying size & shape w/white overlying scales Removal of scale =dot of blood – Auspitz sign seen in
Psoriasis
106
ring worm is
tinea corporis
107
tinea corporis is a
(ringworm) a dermatophyte infection of the trunk, legs, arms
108
Stage one ulcer is
nonblanchable erythema of intact skin, epidermal redness, swelling, heat or pain
109
Stage 2 ulcer is
par0al thickness skin loss involving epidermis, dermis or both. Blister or superficial break in the epidermis w/dis0nct edges &
surrounded by an area of redness
110
stage 3 ulcer is
full thickness skin loss involving damage of subcutaneous 0ssue, may or may not be infected, could be covered w/eschar
111
stage 4 ulcer is
full thickness skin loss w/extensive destruc0on. Extends to muscle &/or bone, may or may not be infected
112
w/ intraabdominal bleed see
Cullen sign
113
Cullen sign looks like
bluish periumbilical color occurs w/ intraabdominal bleed -
114
Rebound Tenderness - McBurney’s Point is associated with
w/appendicitis
115
Rovsing’s Sign
Press deeply for 5 secs in LLQ
| • Pain felt in RLQ = + Rovsing’s assoc w/appendicitis
116
Murphy’s Sign
Seen w/cholecystitis (sonographic Murphy’s) • Palpate at inspiration at liver margin
117
Place hand right thigh & push down as pt raises leg is known as
Iliopsoas Muscle test
118
Iliopsoas Muscle test indicative of
Pain in RLQ = +iliopsoas assoc w/ inflamed appendix
119
Flex r leg at hip & knee, rotate leg internally & externally is known as
Obturator test
120
Obturator test is indicative of
Pain in hypogastric area = + Obturator sign assoc w/ ruptured appendix or pelvic abscess
