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quick! Flashcards

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1
Q

churchill domestic policies

A

left ministers (eden, butler, macmillan) in charge
continuation of post war consensus
300,000 houses annually
equal pay act teachers 1952-61
equal pay act civil servants 1954/5

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2
Q

churchill foreign affairs

A

burgess + maclean affair weakened special relationship (cold war) 1951
korean war 1950-1953 - sent 90k soldiers
mau mau rebellion kenya 1952-60

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3
Q

churchill economy

A

employment prioritised
butskellism + mixed economy
trade unions cooperation
welfare state
austerity ending (food rationing 1954)
population growth

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4
Q

churchill opposition

A

criticised for being old + tired
didnt believe he could handle the intense post war economic struggles
seen as more of a war leader than pm

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5
Q

labour under churchill

A

nuclear disarmaments divisions
bevanite quarrel fallout
disagreements on clause iv
leadership gaitskell vs bevan

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6
Q

churchill society

A

food rationing ended 1954
teddy boys
increased migration during + after war
changes in attitudes to class
consumerism (hire purchase 1938)
more people in council housing than own
elizabeth ii coronation 1953

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7
Q

churchill election

A

not popularity majority
first past the post - more seats

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8
Q

eden domestic policies

A

clean air act 1956

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9
Q

eden foreign affairs

A

suez crisis dec 1956-1957
(macmillan foreign minister during)
turning point for british view of impearlisim

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10
Q

eden economy

A

unemployment less than 1% 1955
tax cuts before 1955 election then raised straight after
suez crisis + usas reaction - run on the £
1957 economic crisis as result
Britain had a higher income per head than any other major country exluding the USA

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11
Q

eden opposition

A

pre-suez - criticsed due to his lack of domestic experience
and being too lenient with TUs
-
post suez caused deference to decrease
broke trust in the establishment
40 conservative mps rebelled

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12
Q

eden society

A

1956 angry young men - look back in anger
75% of women married by 1921
1/5 women worked
itv launched to rival bbc
+ advertising on tv (due to itv)
consumerism + hire purchase

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13
Q

eden election

A

not elected
but did election in 1956
gained majority from 17 to 60
very popular with public
viewed as honest and competant

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14
Q

macmillan domestic policies

A

homicide act 1957, tightened death penalty
suggested the decriminalizations of homosexuality 1957
commonwealth immigration act 1962

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15
Q

macmillan foreign affairs

A

eec application denied 1963
sick man of europe
cuban missile crisis 1962
nigeria + cyrprus independence 1960

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16
Q

macmillan economy

A

could appease TUs + inflation
but TUs too much power
so instead high taxes + interest
chancellor believer in monetarism
stop go policies
pay pause 1961
beeching report 1961 (isolated rural)

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17
Q

macmillan opposition

A

growth of satire
scandals (vassal affair 1961, argyle divorce 1963, profumo affair 1963)
cnd formed 1958

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18
Q

macmillan society

A

cnd march 1958
1960 private eye magazine - satire
notting hill riots 1958
black shirts / oswald mosely
culturally conservative still
winds of change speech 1960

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19
Q

macmillan election

A

brought conservative majority to 100
initially ‘supermac’
resigned 1963 due to scandals and public disconetnt

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20
Q

douglas home

A

only became prime minister as a compromise between the two sides of the party
symbolised what people were tired of from the conservatives
etonite, out of touch, OLD

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21
Q

wilson domestic policies (1)

A

in place of strife 1969 (voters support)
the trouble start / 1968 battle of bogside
liberal reforms
(race relations act 1965
abolition of capital punishment 1965/9
family planning act 1967
abortion act 1967 (davide steele / liberal)
sexual offences act 1967
dangerous drugs act 1957
theatres act 1968
race relations act 1968
commonwealth immigration act 1968
divorce reform 1969)

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22
Q

wilson foreign affairs (1)

A

eec application denied 1967
support vietnam publicly
but no troops (couldnt afford)
decolonisation
southern rhodesia + ian smith

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23
Q

wilson economy (1)

Study These Flashcards
A

devaluation crisis 1967
inherited deficit of 800million
1966 sterling crisis
roy jenkins chanceller 1967 - raised taxes and cut spending
balance of payments surplus 1969
inflation 12% 1969

24
Q

wilson opposition (1)

Study These Flashcards
A

so paranoid about his cabinet that he had his own kitchen cabinet
and night of long knives 1962
1966 seamen strikes
1967 dockmen strikes
TU stopped in place of strife
battle of grovesnor square (vietnam protest) 1968
vietnam protests at universities (camb)

25
wilson society (1)
60% of public early 60s liked TUs rivers of blood speech enoch powell 1968 in response to asian kenyans (75% agreed) open university 1969-71 feminine mystique 1963 1970 first women conference oxford post office tower 1965 1969 - most people waited until marriage spare ribs womens magazine battle of brighton may 1964
26
wilson election (1)
white heat - moderniser leftist of labour but wanted to reform TU and wanted nuclear deterrent
27
heath domestic policies
3 day work week 1973-4 school leaving age raised to 16 industrial relations act 1971 internment NI 1971 sunningdale agreement 1973 equal pay act 1970
28
heath foreign affairs
entered eec 1973 referendum 67% votes for yes anglo-chinese relations increased got trade agreements + helps china get in UN council isolationism of ussr w usa (treaties)
29
heath economy
aimed to reduce 'lame duck industry' decimalisation of the pound 1971 stagflation (high cuts in spending, cuts in taxes) high inflation high unemployment 1973 u turn in economic policies to increase employment oil crisis 1973 (yom kippur war)
30
heath opposition
miners strike 1973 violent response to race relations act 1976 1979 man died in anti nazi protest national front won 16% of votes in some constituencies
31
heath society
bloody sunday 1972 miss world protest 1970 womens conference 1970 oxford rise of anti racism groups (rock against racism, anti nazi league) stop and searches racism rise of white nationalists (national front)
32
heath election
won 1970 election first state school educated leader of tories one nation toryism
33
wilson domestic policies (2)
sex discrimination act 1975 race relations act 1976
34
wilson economy (2)
inherited 15% inflation + 3billion deficit + strikes dealt with trade unions using social contract made in opposition - led to voluntary pay constraints by TUs more leftist/unionist ministers in cabinet national enteprise 1974 (gov shareholding in priv firms) 1975 unemployment at 1 million
35
wilson (2) election
hung / minority government very divided labour another election 1974 and got majority to 3
36
callaghan domestic policies
1977-1978 devolution act (wales + scotland) but fell through due to loopholes regarding voter turnout
37
callaghan economy
imf crisis (handled well but still a crisis) inflation fell to 10% unemployment still high + strike action winter of discontent 1978 lorry drivers got pay increased by 15% (trigger)
38
callaghan election
vote of no confidence during gov that labour lost lib lab pact formed - dependant on devolution then another vote of no confidence labour lost again, bc of withdrawal of scottish nationalists government forced to resign general election right after winter of discontent
39
thatcher domestic policies
right to buy scheme (the housing act 1980) secondary picketing outlawed 1980 1984 unions pressured to ballot before strike action closing of unproductive mines announced in 1984 battle of orgreave 1984 poll tax 1990 section 28
40
thatcher foreign affairs
falklands war 1982 political soulmate with reagan deploying of usa cruise missiles harsh relations with ussr 1986 thatcher gave usa permission to use british air bases to bomb libya 1983 usa invaded grenada against advice of thatcher good relation with gorbahev from 1985 onwards 1987 intermediate range nuclear forces treaty signed 1986 thatcher helped negotiate the single european act reformed eec deal
41
thatcher economy
monetarism rather than keynesian 1979 budget led to recession in 1980 + stagflation + inflation 15% + u/p 2million extracting of north sea oil 1981 budget even more lower taxes + lower spending privatised british petroleum, aerospace, cable & wireless, britoil, british ports inflation reached 5% by 1983 deregulation / big boom in london 1987 stock market crash following big bang deregulation post 1983 privisation - airways, steel, telecom, gas poll tax 1988 ‘lawson boom’ - BOT crisis inflation in 1990 was 10.9% - higher than in 1980
42
thatcher opposition
hunger strikes in NI + martyrdom of bobby sands 30% of people didnt pay poll tax 1984 brighton bombings killed 5 people miners strikes in response to closing of the pits howe (dry) resigned in outrage 1990 1990 anti poll tax demonstration in trafalgar square turned riot oxford voted against giving thatcher an honorary degree due to cuts to higher education spending
43
labour under thatcher
divided opposition 1981 forming of the SDP micheal foots and ‘loony left’ reputation weakened opposition labour manifesto too radical labour also strengthened in the late 1980s under kinnock then john smith
44
thatcher society
rising crime rates blamed on permissive society greenham common base womens base 1981 environmental disatsers in inda + ussr outrage! gay rights group would threaten to out gay mps + clergy frequent moral panics 1988+89s became ‘second summer of love’ with ecstasy and acid house music only had 1 female cabinet minister 1987 4 non-white mps elected
45
thatcher election
conservative gained loads due to fall in support for liberals/nationalist parties in favour of tories majority of 43 1983 election solidified thatcher as leader with majority
46
major domestic policies
1991 poll tax replaced w reformed council tax citizens charter 1991 e.g. school rankings and cones hotline pit closure announced, temporarily u turned due to opposition mad cow disease - british beef banned in europe age of consent for gay men 18 from 21 in 1994 child support agency set up 1993 1994 marital rape criminalised devolution in Scotland 1997-9 good friday agreement
47
major foreign affairs
aim to becoming ‘at the very heart of europe’ 1995 expansion of eec to 15 states britain chose not to join the euro britain largely involved in 1992 war in bosnia
48
major economy
black wednesday 1992 high amounts of repossession (due to u/p + i.r.) leaving erm allowed lower interest rates which stimulated economy continued privatisation - coal 1994, railways 1996
49
major opposition
satire (cones hotline) press capitalised on ‘sleaze’ - cash for questions - illegal arms dealing/supplying in iraq opposition prevented the privatisation of the post service
50
labour under major
splitting w trade unions unradicalised manifesto no longer supporting close shop union agreements 1989 still lost 1992 election john smith trusted with economy abolishing trade union block voting 1993 ‘loony left’ criticised for funding aid relief foundations in the 1980s-90s
51
major election
1992 election, labour victory predicted but major had stronger campaign using ‘soapbox’ politic won leadership election 1995 as ‘back me or sack me’
52
blair domestic policies
1995 rewriting of clause iv age of consent for gay men equalised at 16 rather than 18 in 2000 ‘making work pay’ 1998 national minimum wage house of lords reform - unsatisfactory freedom to information act 2000 12.5 hours of free nurserary for all kids a week
53
blair foreign affairs
britain now followed european rules on employment + social right trying to get involved in europe (aid, climate) but not very impactful bill clinton + tony blair very similar bonded w george w bush over war on terror 1999 nato bombing in yugoslavia 2000 britain supported UN sierra leone invasion of Afghanistan 2001 then iraq 2003 led by american coalition with britain
54
blair economy
bank of england independent (set own interest rates) 1997 national minimum wage introducing tuition fees 1998 lots of public spending funded by debt rather than taxes 2001 injection into public services and exam results went up + waiting list time down (financed through debt) increase use in credit cards (personal debt)
55
blair opposition
hard for tories to criticise economic policy, because just followed tories war on terror protests countryside alliance march w 500,000 ppl 2002 over labour trying to ban hunting w dogs
56
blair society
only 26% of workers were in a trade union 1997 120 women mps + 1st girl foreign secretary pay gap still 0.87 for every £1 antisocial behavioral crime (40% under 17) 2002 first black cabinet minister 20% of young people not in education/employment/training by 2007 1998 murder of stephen lawrence
57
blair election
emersion of new labour middle england won over labour had record number of women candidates + young people “things can only get better” 1997 campaign song won by landslide

modern britain (25 decks)

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