Quick reminders Flashcards
(101 cards)
1
Q
DI causes
A
hypernatremia
2
Q
SIADH causes
A
hyponatremia
3
Q
Hypernatremia is caused by
A
DI, hypovolemia, Li
4
Q
Hyponatremia is caused by
A
SIADH, polydipsia, CKD, burns
5
Q
Hypoventilation causes respiratory ____
A
acidosis
6
Q
Hyperventilation causes respiratory ____
A
alkalosis
7
Q
stress incontinence
A
with increase abdominal pressure, weakness in pelvic floor
8
Q
urge incontinence
A
sudden, due to detrusor overactivity, treat with muscarinic antagonist (oxybuytinin), estrogen
9
Q
overflow incontinence
A
neurogenic, diabetic, detrusor underactivity, treat with cholinergic, a-blockers
10
Q
empiric meningitis in newborn
A
amp and gent
11
Q
empiric endometritis
A
amp and gent
12
Q
empiric pneumonia in newborn
A
amp and gent
13
Q
empiric pneumonia in adult
A
azithro, doxy
14
Q
empiric otitis media
A
amoxicillin
15
Q
antibodies SLE
A
ANA
dsDNA
Smith
16
Q
Anti CCP
A
RA
17
Q
Anti U1RNP
A
mixed connective tissue
18
Q
anticentromere
A
CREST
19
Q
Anti Jo1
A
polymyositis dermatomyositis
20
Q
Anti Scl 70
A
sclerosis
21
Q
Anti SMA
A
autoimmune hepatitis
22
Q
Behcet syn
A
men with vasculitis, oral ulcers, uveitis, genital ulcers
23
Q
polymyalgia rheumatica
A
in women with proximal muscle stiffness, high ESR, associated with temporal arteritis
24
Q
subdural hematoma
A
crescent shape, concave
Bridging vein
25
epidural hematoma
lucid interval, lens shape, biconvex
| Middle meningeal artery
26
shock with increased CO
septic
27
shock with increased PCWP
obstructive (tamponade) and cardiogenic
28
hypovolemic shock CO, PCWP and PVR
low CO, low PCWP and low PVR
29
cardiogenic CO, PCWP and PVR
low CO, high PCWP and high PVR
30
distributive CO, PCWP and PVR
high CO, low PCWP and low PVR
31
equalization of pressures
pericardial constriction or tamponade
32
pulseless electrical activity tx
CPR, epi
33
V fib tx
CPR, d-fib
34
SVTs tx
synchronized cardiovert, vagal, adenosine
35
fib or flutter tx
diltiazem or synchronized cardiovert
36
organophosphate ingestion
anti-cholinergic - drool, wet, sweat, brady, HoTN
| tx- atropine, pralidoxime
37
antimuscarinic poisoning
like atropine, mydriasis, decreased secretions, urinary retention, hyperthermia, tachy
tx - physostigmine
38
acute dystonia tx
diphenhydramine and benztropine
39
infective end prophylaxis
amoxicillin
40
fixed S2
ASD
41
paradoxical split S2
AS
42
drugs that reduce mortality in CHF
ACEi, ARBs, spirono
43
stop torsades with ____
MgSO4
44
radiate to carotids, diminished upstrokes, syncope
AS
45
diuretic that causes increased Ca
thiazide
46
diuretic that causes hearing loss
furosemide
47
pheo is tumor of the adrenal ____
medulla
48
rule of thumb for CAH
if starts with 1 - increase DOC
| if ends with 1 - increase androgens
49
Paget disease electrolytes
norm lCa, PO4, PTH, with high high Alk Phos
50
thalassemia trick
MCV/RBC < 13 = thalassemia
51
PT tests the ___ path
extrinsic, factor 7
52
PTT tests the _____ path
intrinsic factors 8, 9
53
AFP tumor marker
HCC, yolk sac, germ cell
54
CA19-9 tumor marker
pancreatic cancer
55
TRAP tumor marker
hairy cell leukemia
56
Normal AFP, high CA19-9 and high CEA
cholangiocarcinoma
57
itching and alcohol reaction pain
Hodgkins lymphoma, bimodal, EBV, CD15 CD30
58
small intestine bacterial overgrowth
diarrhea, +carb breath test, tx with rifamixin
59
SAAG > 1.1
portal HTN - budd-chiari, cirrhosis, venous thrombosis
| increase hydrostatic
60
SAAG < 1.1
ascites, TB, carcinomatosis
61
Hep B is associated with
polyarteritis nodosa
62
Hep C is associated with
cryoglobulinemia
63
infant male with hematuria, hearing loss and retinopathy
Alport - collagen mutation
64
envelope stones
calcium oxalate
65
rhomboid or needle stones
uric acid
66
coffin lid stones
struvite
67
prism stones
CaPO4 tx thiazides
68
hexagon stones
cystine - hereditary, acidic pH
69
empiric pyeloneph tx
cipro, amox-clav
70
empiric pregnant UTI
amox-clav, cefopodoxime, ceftriaxone
71
too rapid correction of hyponatremia
central pontine myelinolysis
72
too rapid correction of hypernatremia
cereal edema
73
worst sign in asthmatic
when PCO2 goes up and pH drops
74
E. coli sepsis in neonate
galactosemia
75
otitis externa tx
ciproflox
76
pharyngitis empiric
penicillin, cephalexin,clindamycin
77
peritonsillar abscess cause and tx
strep progenies, clindamycin
78
jaundice in neonate with high direct bili
biliary atresia
79
arthritis, splenomegaly, neutropenia (infections)
felty syn
80
cohort starts with _____ ends with _____
risk factor
| ends with disease
81
case control starts with _____ ends with ____
disease
| ends with risk factor
82
NNT =
1/ risk in control - risk in exposed
83
RR =
A/A+B / C/C+D
84
OR =
AD/BC
85
specific test rules disease __
in
| SPIN
86
sensitive test rules disease ____
out
| SNOUT
87
PAS stain
Whipple disease of intestine
88
Quad screen for trisomy 21
Low AFP, low estriol
| High hcg, high inhibin A
89
Quad screen trisomy 18
Low AFP, low estriol, low hcg
| normal inhibin A
90
Quad screen open neural tube defect
High AFP
91
Gastroschisis
Has no membrane covering
Normal AFP
No chromosomal association
92
Bone tumor in teenage boys
| Localized swelling, tenderness, onion-skinning, moth eaten, blue cells, periosteal elevation
Ewing sarcoma
93
Punched out lesions, multiple fractures, bone pain
multiple myeloma
94
bone pain at night that is responsive to NSAIDs
osteoid osteoma
95
Codmans triangle, sunburst appearance, young children
Osteosarcoma
96
Soap bubble appearance of bone
giant cell tumor of bone
97
Catching or clicking of knee during flexion and extension
medical meniscus tear
| dx with MRI
98
pain at medial joint line of knee
MCL
99
nerve injured in anterior shoulder dislocation and presentation
axillary n
| arm abduction, deltoid sensation
100
frozen shoulder / adhesive capsulitis
stiffness but not very much passive pain
| tx with exercise
101
rotator cuff injury
weakness of abduction and external rotation
