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Nursing > Quick Review- Exam 1 > Flashcards

Quick Review- Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Chain of infection

A
  1. Infectious agent
  2. Reservoir
  3. Portal of entry
  4. Mode of transmission
  5. Portal of exit
  6. Host
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2
Q

What does potential of an infectious agent depend upon?

A

Dose, virulence, susceptibility of patient

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3
Q

C. Dificile

A

Large spore, diarrhea (3+ times)

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4
Q

Exudate

A

Accumulation

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5
Q

Serous

A

Clear

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6
Q

Sanguineos

A

Bloody

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7
Q

Purulent

A

Puss, WBC

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8
Q

4 modes of transmission

A

Contact, airborne, vehicles, vector

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9
Q

Normal WBC count in adult

A

5,000-10,000/mm3

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10
Q

What shows infection (3 things) in urinalysis

A

WBC > 10/mm3
Positive nitrates
Positive leukocyte esterace

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11
Q

2 things involved in isolation precautions

A

Transmission based and standard precautions

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12
Q

Medical asepsis

A

Clean (hand hygiene, PPE, etc.)

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13
Q

Surgical asepsis

A

Sterile

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14
Q

First line of defense in infections control

A

Medical asepsis (clean technique)

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15
Q

Airborne precautions and ex

A

Droplet smaller than 5mcg (private room)

Ex: measles, chickenpox, smallpox, TB

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16
Q

Droplet precautions and ex

A

Larger than 5 mcg (private room or cohort)

Ex: pertussis, influenza, pharyngitis

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17
Q

Cohort

A

Someone wth same infection

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18
Q

KSA

A

Knowledge skills attitude

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19
Q

Core competencies

A

Core values

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20
Q

Clinical manifestations

A

Signs and symptoms

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21
Q

Nosocomial infections

A

Healthcare acquired infections

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22
Q

Active immunization and ex

A

Small attenuated/dead organism

Flu shot, hep. B, polio, pneumonia

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23
Q

Passive immunization and ex

A

Antibodies

Rabies, tetanus, chicken pox

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24
Q

Normal bp

A

Systolic

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25
Prehypertension range
Systolic 120-139 | Diastolic 80-89
26
Hypertension range
Systolic 140-159 | Diastolic 90-99
27
Hypertension stage 2 range
Systolic >160 | Diastolic > 100
28
Some impacts of HTN
Damage bv, heart, kidneys, brain (stroke), eyes, myocardial infarction, heart failure, renal failure, impaired vision
29
4 types of meds that treat HTN
Diuretics, beta blockers, ACE inhibitors, ARBs
30
Hypotension and cause
Systolic less than 90 can be normal | Caused by: vasodilation, blood loss, heart failure
31
Clinical manifestations of hypotension
Pallor, clammy, dizzy, weak, lightheaded, increase HR, confusion, decrease urine output
32
Orthostatic BP and common causes
low BP when rising up; CANT DELEGATE Cause- dehydration, anemia, prolonged bed rest, recent blood loss, meds
33
Vital signs
Reflect physiological status, monitor body functions, info about body response In this order!!!!!! TPR BP O2 saturation
34
Normal temp range
96.8-100.4
35
Most important factor in infection control
Temp assessment
36
Pyrexic
Febrile (fever)
37
Circadian rhythm
Temp varies with TOD higher temps mid-day/early evening
38
Radiation
Transfer of body heat to other object w/o direct contact
39
Conduction
Transfer of body heat to cooler object with direct contact
40
Convection
Trans of body heat away by air movement (fan) CONVection ---> CONVince Alex not to use fan
41
Evaporation
Continuous, unnoticed water loss from skin and lungs
42
Diaphoresis
Visible perspiration
43
Hyperthermia
Increase metabolism, urine looks concentrated, dry mouth, WBC count high if infection
44
Symptoms of fever
Increase temp, pulses and respirations, shivering, pallid (cold skin), flushed, increased thirst, dehydration, loss of appetite, drowsiness/restlessness
45
Symptoms of hypothermia
Decrease temp, pulse and respirations, pale cool skin, frostbite, decreased urine output, hypotension (low BP) disorientation
46
9 pulse sights
``` Temporal Carotid Apical Brachial Radial Femoral Popliteal Dorsalis pedis Posterior tibial ```
47
Peripheral
On outside, away from heart
48
Pulse and respirations average rate
Pulse 60-100 | Respirations 12-20
49
Apical vs radial pulse
Never equal, apical is NEVER less than radial. The difference btwn two is pulse deficit
50
Tachycardia and what's related to
pulse > 100 bpm Fever, blood loss, meds, stress
51
Bradycardia and what's related to
Under 60 bpm Athlete, arrhythmia
52
Normal oxygen sat
95-100% anything under 70% is life threatening
53
Nursing process
``` Assessment Diagnose Plan Implement Evaluate ```
54
Excoriation
Reddened or chafed
55
Smegma
White/thick cheesy secretion in skin folds
56
Paraphimosis
If don't replace foreskin after cleaning edema will constrict circulation ultimately dies
57
Expectorate
To cough or spit out phlegm from lungs
58
Xerostomia
Dry mouth syndrome
59
Edema
Swelling/fluid build up
60
3 breath sounds
Bronchial Broncho-vesicular Vesicular
61
Bronchial sounds
Loud, high pitched, hollow | 2:3 (in is shorter)
62
Broncho-vesicular sounds
Medium pitch and loudness 1:1 but sometimes won't hear out Between scapulae
63
Vesicular sounds
Soft, breezy, low pitched | 3:1 ratio (in is much longer)
64
Diminished sounds in lungs indicate
Secretions blocking air flow to an area (shallow)
65
Absent sound in lungs indicates
Atelectasis, effusion (Fluid, air)
66
Increased sounds in lungs indicates
Bronchial sounds, in area of consolidation
67
Added sounds in lungs can be
Crackles (moisture, collapsed alveoli) Rhonchi (secretions in larger airways (squeaky door sound) Wheezes (narrowed airways)
68
Flatus
Gas
69
Order of care when assessing abdomen
Look, listen, then feel
70
Ecchymosis
Bruising
71
Stoma
Opening to where put bowel externally
72
Where do you start when auscultating bowels
LRQ
73
How long to hear bowls
5-20 secs about 5-30 sounds per min
74
Whooshing sound in abdomin
Abdominal aortic aneurism
75
Emesis
Vomit
76
Most common indications of deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
Unilateral edema

Nursing (14 decks)

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