Quick review for DAT Flashcards
(33 cards)
Q: What organelle is responsible for protein synthesis?
A: The ribosome.
Q: What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?
A: It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion.
Q: What does the smooth ER synthesize?
A: Lipids and steroid hormones.
Q: What is the function of lysosomes?
A: Break down waste materials and cellular debris.
Q: [HARD] Describe the roles of the cytoskeleton components (microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments).
A: Microtubules: structure and transport; Microfilaments: movement and shape; Intermediate filaments: structural support.
Q: Where does glycolysis occur in the cell?
A: In the cytoplasm.
Q: What are the products of glycolysis?
A: 2 ATP, 2 NADH, 2 pyruvate.
Q: What cycle follows glycolysis in aerobic respiration?
A: The Krebs (citric acid) cycle.
Q: What cycle follows glycolysis in aerobic respiration?
A: The Krebs (citric acid) cycle.
Q: Where does the electron transport chain occur?
A: Inner mitochondrial membrane.
Q: [HARD] How does chemiosmosis generate ATP?
A: Protons flow through ATP synthase due to a gradient created by the ETC, driving phosphorylation of ADP.
Q: Where does the light-dependent reaction occur?
A: Thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast.
Q: Where does the Calvin Cycle take place?
A: Stroma of the chloroplast.
Q: What enzyme synthesizes RNA from a DNA template?
A: RNA polymerase.
Q: What is a codon?
A: A three-nucleotide sequence on mRNA that codes for an amino acid.
Q: What is the role of tRNA?
A: It carries amino acids to the ribosome during translation.
Q: [HARD] Explain the role of the lac operon in gene regulation.
A: It controls lactose metabolism in bacteria; activated in the absence of glucose and presence of lactose.
Q: What is a genotype?
A: The genetic makeup of an organism.
Q: What is a phenotype?
A: The physical expression of the genotype.
Q: What is the expected phenotypic ratio of a monohybrid cross?
A: 3:1 (dominant:recessive).
Q: [HARD] How do you calculate the probability of independent events occurring together?
A: Multiply the probabilities of each independent event.
Q: What technique is used to separate DNA fragments by size?
A: Gel electrophoresis.
Q: What is PCR used for?
A: Amplifying DNA sequences.
Q: [HARD] What is the difference between Southern, Northern, and Western blots?
A: Southern = DNA, Northern = RNA, Western = Protein detection.
