Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

GI > Quick Study > Flashcards

Quick Study Flashcards

1
Q

Mucous neck cells secrete…

A

Mucus and bicarbonate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Parietal cells secrete…

A

HCl and intrinsic factor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Chief cells secrete…

A

Pepsinogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Enteroendocrine cells secrete…

A

Various hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

G cells are in…and secrete…

A

Pyloric antrum and duodenum; gastrin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

I cells are in…and secrete…

A

Small intestine; CCK

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

S cells are in…and secrete…

A

Duodenum; secretin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

D cells are in…and secrete…

A

pyloric antrum, body of stomach and pancreas; somatostatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

M cells are in…and secrete…

A

Duodenum and jejunum; motilin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Enterochromaffin-like cells (ECL) are in…and secrete…

A

Body of stomach; histamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Fundic glands

A
  • Greater proportion of parietal and chief cells

- D cells inhibit acid secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cardiac glands

A

-Mostly mucous cells (protects esophagus from reflux)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Pyloric glands

A

-G and D cells stimulate or inhibit acid secretion, respectively

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Parietal cells look like

A

Acidophilic (pink) fried eggs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Chief cells look more ______ compared to parietal

A

Purple

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Small intestine functions

A
  • Adds bile from liver
  • Adds digestive enzymes from pancreas
  • Raises pH of food bolus
  • Absorbs nutrients
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Plicae circularis

A

Folds of mucosa and submucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Villi

A

Folds of mucosa only (contain lacteal -lymphatic duct-at core)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Microvilli

A

On enterocytes, may be visible as brush border

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Enterocytes

A
  • Columnar cells with microvilli

- Absorptive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Goblet cells

A

-Mucus-releasing cells that increase in number as they move towards the large intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Paneth cells

A
  • At base of intestinal glands

- Acidophilic granules containing lysozymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Duodenum

A
  • Receives and neutralizes acidity of stomach contents
  • Controls release of pancreatic enzymes and bile into digestive tract
  • Brunner glands (alkaline secretions)
24
Q

Jejunum

A
  • “Typical” small intestine
  • Villi broad and often have visible lacteal
  • NO SPECIAL STRUCTURES
25
Ileum
-Peyer's patches (aggregated lymphoid nodules)
26
Large intestine
- Recovers water and electrolytes from bolus - Wide lumen - Tenia coli - Has haustra (visible compartments) - Still has intestinal glands/crypts with Goblet cells and enterocytes
27
Appendix
- Narrow lumen - Lymphatic nodules in LP - Replenish intestinal flora
28
Anus
- Apocrine sweat glands - Stratified squamous - Hair follicles and sebaceous glands - Large veins in submucosa can become affected by hemorrhoids
29
Gut tube layers from out to in
- Adventitia/serosa - Muscularis externa longitudinal - Myenteric/Auerbach's plexus - Muscularis externa circular - Submucosa (contains Submucosal/Meissner's plexus) - Muscularis mucosa - LP - Epi - Lumen
30
Secretin
- S cells in duodenum - (+) fluid and bicarb from pancreas - (+) bicarb from liver - inhibit acid secretion and gastrin release - Stimuli : acidification of small intestine
31
Gastrin
-G cells in antrum and duodenum - (+) acid secretion by parietal cells - (+) somatostatin secretion by D cells (indirectly) -Stimuli: Vagal Stimulation - Ach (Acetylcholine) - GRP (Gastrin Releasing Peptide) Distension of stomach Amino acids/peptides in duodenum
32
CCK
-I cells in small intestine - (+) enzymatic secretion of pancreas - (+) gall bladder contraction, relax sphincter of Oddi > bile delivery to duodenum - (+) pancreatic growth - inhibit gastric emptying -Stimuli: Presence of following in small intestine: - Fatty Acids (strongest stimulus) - Peptides/Amino acids
33
GIP
-Endocrine cells of duodenum, jejunum - (+) insulin secretion by endocrine pancreas - inhibit gastric acid secretion - Stimuli Presence of following in small intestine - Carbohydrates (strongest stimulus) - peptides/amino acids - fatty acids
34
Motilin
- M cells in duodenum and proximal jejunum - Stimulate MMC during fasting (gastric and intestinal motility pattern during fasting, "housekeeper" - Stimuli: interaction with enteric NS to stimulate MMC during fasting
35
Somatostatin
- D cells in antrum and oxyntic (fundic) gland area - inhibit gastrin (G cells), histamine (ECL), acid (parietal) release - Stimuli: low pH in antrum
36
Histamine
- ECL cells | - Acid secretion
37
Hirschsprung's disease
- ENS missing from end of bowel - Failure of bowel colonization by enteric neural crest derived precursor cells during fetal development - Region tonically contracted > functional obstruction - Symptoms: abdominal distension, vomiting, severe constipation, failure to grow, bowel inflammation and early death
38
Regions of phasic contractions
Esophagus, anrtal sotmach, small intestine (busy regions)
39
Regions of tonic contractions
Non-busy regions (sphincters, orad stomach)
40
Interstitial cells of Cajal
- Form network in space between circular and longitudinal muscle layers in regions of gut that generate segmental or phasic contractions - Generate slow waves and conduct them to smooth muscle cells via gap junctions
41
General response to meal
- Gut distention by bolus - Stretching is sensed and stimulates nerves to release neurotransmitters into the smooth muscle at the site - Membrane potential is depolarized (in response to the neurotransmitter) - Slow wave passes through this sensitized smooth muscle - Spike potential form = contraction - Contraction moves in a coordinated fashion because muscle cells are electrically coupled through gap junctions
42
Stomach autonomic innervation (symp and para)
T5-9; vagus
43
Liver and gall bladder autonomic innervation (symp and para)
T6-9; vagus
44
Pancreas autonomic innervation (symp and para)
T5-11; vagus
45
Small intestine autonomic innervation (symp and para)
T9-11; vagus
46
Colon and rectum autonomic innervation (symp and para)
T8-L2; vagus/S2-4
47
Kidney autonomic innervation (symp and para)
T10-L1; vagus
48
Ureter autonomic innervation (symp and para)
T10-L1; vagus/S2-4
49
Greater splanchnic nerve level
T5-9
50
Lesser splanchnic nerve level
T10-11
51
Least splanchnic nerve level
T12
52
Referred pain from gallbladder
Right shoulder | Right side right above umbilicus
53
Referred pain from pancreas
Upper abdomen and back
54
Referred pain from small intestine
Umbilicus
55
Referred pain from large intestine
1 inch below umbilicus

GI (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions