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Phase 1 flashcards > Quick SUGER anatomy > Flashcards

Quick SUGER anatomy Flashcards

(108 cards)

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1
Q

how does the inguinal canal travel?

A

medially and inferiorly
from transversalis fascia to external oblique superficially and medially

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2
Q

rings of inguinal canal

A

deep inguinal ring to superficial inguinal ring

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3
Q

contents of inguinal canal in females

A

round ligament of uterus
ilioinguinal nerve
genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve

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4
Q

contents of inguinal canal in males

A

spermatic cord
2 nerves
- genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve
- sympathetic fibres
3 arteries
- testicular
- cremasteric
- artery to the vas deferens
3 fascial layers
- external spermastic fascia from external oblique aponeurosis
- cremaster muscle and fascia from internal oblique
- internal spermastic fascia from transversalis fascia
4 other structures
- pampiniform venous plexus
- lymphatics
- vas deferens
- processus vaginalis

and ilioinguinal nerve

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5
Q

indirect inguinal hernia

A

contents of abdomen forces through deep inguinal ring into canal
more common

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6
Q

direct inguinal hernia

A

contents forced through posterior wall

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7
Q

thin scrotal muscle

A

dartos

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8
Q

what also surrounds the testes?

A

tunica vaginalis
as well as 3 usual layers

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9
Q

epididymis

A

coiled tube lying along the posterior border of each testis
sperm stored here

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10
Q

where is sperm made and stored?

A

made in testes and stored in epididymis

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11
Q

what does the vas deferens carry?

A

sperm from epididymis

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12
Q

where does venous blood from the testes and epididymis enter?

A

pampiniform venous plexus which forms the testicular vein
right testicular vein enters the IVC
left enters left renal vein

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13
Q

cylinders of penile erectile tissue

A

two dorsal corpora cavernosa
one ventral corpus spongiosum

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14
Q

what is the glans

A

end of penis
expansion of corpus spongiosum

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15
Q

penile fascia

A

buck’s fascia
deep fascia of the penis

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16
Q

where does the penile urethra lie?

A

within corpus spongiosum

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17
Q

opening of urethra

A

external urethral meatus

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18
Q

arterial supply to penis

A

penile arteries from internal pudendal from internal iliac

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19
Q

nerve supply to penis

A

S2-4
sympathetic - dorsal nerve of the penis from pudendal
parasympathetic - erection - peri-prostatic nerve plexus

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20
Q

which tissue erects penis and how

A

corpus cavernosa
arterial blood flow increases

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21
Q

function of corpus spongiosum

A

prevent urethra from being compresses during erection so ejaculation can occur

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22
Q

arterial supply to adrenal glands

A

superior, middle and inferior adrenal arteries

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23
Q

venous drainage of adrenal glands

A

right adrenal vein drains into IVC
left drains into left renal vein then IVC

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24
Q

what does the adrenal cortex produce

A

steroid hormones
cortisol
aldosterne
testosterone

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25
what does adrenal medulla produce
adrenaline
26
layers outside kidney, deep to superficial
perinephric fat, renal fascia, paranephric fat
27
renal arterial supply and venous drainage
arterial supply - right and left renal arteries drom abdominal aorta venous drainage - right and left renal veins drain into IVC
28
renal sinus
between minor calyces
29
kidney stone pain
T12 to L2
30
where are kidney stones likely?
PUJ pelvic brim VUJ
31
muscles of the posterior abdominal wall
psoas and quadratus lumborum
32
lumbar plexus
L1-L4 and T12 contricutes on posterior abdominal wall and thigh
33
branches of lumbar plexus
iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves genitofermoral nerve lateral femoral cutaneous nerve femoral nerve obturator nerve
34
where does the abdominal aorta descend?
left of midline
35
how does aorta terminate?
L4 bifurcates into left and right common liliac arteries
36
paired branches of abdominal aorta
renal adrenal gonadal lumbar
37
what forms IVC
union of left and right common iliac veins at L5
38
where does IVC ascend?
right of midline
39
which bones form the hip bone
ilium, ischium, pubis
40
joints of hip
hip joint - femur and acetabulum of pelvis sacroiliac joint - sacrum and ilium pubic symphisis lumbosacral - 5th lumbar vertebrae and sacrum with an intervertebral disc between sacrococcygeal joint - sacrum and coccyx
41
pelvic landmarks
iliac crest - lumbar punctures intercristal line intertubecular line iliac tubercle - most lateral part, divides suprapubic and umbilical regions pubic tubercle - most medial parts of pubic bone midinguinal point - mid point btween ASIS to pubic symphysis Mc Burneys point - 2/3 from umbilicus to ASIS ASIS - most anterior part AIIS superior pubic ramis inferior pubic ramus acetabulum
42
where does the inguinal ligament run from?
ASIS to pubic tubercle
43
where is femoral artery palpable?
mid inguinal point
44
male vs female pelvis
female - wider circular pelvic inlet vs hear shaped in males - obtuse angle formed by inferior pubic rami in females, acute in males - wider and shorter sacrum in females
45
blood supply to bladder
vesical arteries in both sexes prostate and seminal vesicles in males
46
nerves of sacral plexus
sciatic - L4-S3 - supplies lower limb pudendal nerve - S2-4 - major nerve of perineum superior and inferior gluteal nerves - gluteal region pelvic splanchnic nerves - pelvic viscera
47
function of pelvic floor muscles
prevent inferior herniation urine and faeces continence increase intra-abdominal pressure
48
two muscles of pelvic floor
levator ani - split into 3 paired muscles - puborectalis for micturition and defacation, most anterior levator ani - pubococcygeus - iliococcygeus which actually attaches to spines of ischium not ilium coccygeus
49
innervation of levator ani
S2-4
50
perineum
between the medial surfaces of the thighs diamond shaped 2 triangles
51
triangles of perineum
anal and urogenital anal is posterior
52
layers of urogenital triangle
skin perineal fascia superficial perineal pouch perineal membrane deep perineal pouch
53
what is the superficial perineal pouch
potential space containing erectile tissues of penis or clitoris and 3 muscles - ischiocavernosus - bulbospongiosus - superficial transverse perineal muscles
54
what supports the attachments of ischiocavernosus and bulbospongiosus?
perineal membrane
55
what is the deep perineal pouch?
potential space between the perineal membrane and pelvic floor muscles contains external urethral sphincter
56
what sits between the two perineal triangles and what is its function?
perineal body attachment for almost all perineal and pelvic floor muscles
57
what does the superficial perineal pouch contain?
erectile tissue that forms the clitoris or penis - corpora cavernosa
58
parts of the cropora cavernosa attached to the ischial ramus
crura crura of the clitoris crura of the penis
59
where does the corpus spongiosum sit?
midline
60
bulb of the penis
part of the corpus spongiosum sitting on the perineal membrane
61
what tissue forms bulb of the vestibule?
corpus spongiosum also called bulb of the clitoris
62
function of ischiocavernosus muscles
cover corpora cavernosa stabilise erect penis and clitoris
63
function of bulbospongiosus muscle
cover corpora spongiosum in males, maintains erection and squeezes remaining semen or urine in females, maintains clitoral erection
64
arterial supply of perineeum
internal pudendal artery
65
perineum nerve
pudendal S2-S4
66
how do the internal pudendal artery and pudendal nerve enter the perineum?
greater and lesser sciatic foramina of the pelvis
67
seminal vesicle
secrete seminal fluid - thick alkaline fluid
68
how does vas deferens terminate?
joins duct of seminal vesicle to form ejaculatory duct
69
prostate
lies against neck of bladder pierced by urethra and ejaculatory ducts secretions of the prostate are added to the seminal fluid
70
parts of uterus
fundus, body, cervix
71
where does the blastocyst implant?
endometrium of uterus body
72
broad ligament
pouch of peritoneum adhering to itself at the sides of the uterus to form the broad ligament
73
space behind the uterus but anterior to the rectum
rectouterine pouch pouch of Douglas deepest part of peritoneal cavity
74
internal os
communication between the cervix and uterine cavity
75
external os
communication between the cervix and vagina
76
vaginal fornices
protrusion of the cervix into the vagina
77
where does fertilisation occur?
fallopian tubes/ uterine tubes
78
fallopian tube anatomy
10cm near broad ligament funnel shaped infundibulum laterally free edge of infundibulum is broken up into fibriae which drape over ovary
79
ovaries
attached to broad ligament by mesovarium frequently lie in ovarian fossa - angle between internal and external iliac arteries
80
where does the vagina terminate?
introitus space between the labia minora
81
how much of the vagina lies in the perineum and pelvic cavity?
upper 2/3 in pelvic cavity lower 1/3 in perineum
82
blood supply of most pelvic organs
internal iliac artery
83
vulva
collective name for external female genitalia
84
vulval blood supply
internal pudendal arteries branches of internal iliac arteries
85
innevration of erectile tissues
parasympathetic
86
innervation of vulva
4 nerve - genital branch of genitofemoral - ilioinguinal - pudendal - posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh
87
mons pubis
mound of fatty tissue in front of the pubic symphisis hairy
88
labia majora
hair breaing folds of skin meeting at the mons pubis anteriorly
89
labia minora
hairless medial to labia majora fuse anteriorly to form the hood of the clitoris form the boundaries of the vestibule
90
what tissues form clitoris
corpora cavernosa corpus spongiosum
91
vestibule
area between labia minora contains vaginal opening, urinary meatus and vestibular glands
92
urinary meatus
urethral opening posterior to clitoris, anterior to vagina
93
vestibular glands
greater - Bartholin's glands - posterior to vaginal opening - secrete lubricant during arousal lesser - Skene's glands - lie near urethral opening - maybe lubricate vaginal opening or urethra - maybe antimicrobial
94
arteries and veins of urinary bladder
vesical arteries vesical veins both from internal iliac!
95
how much urine can bladder store?
400-600ml
96
where do ureters enter bladder?
trigone at an angle
97
folds of mucosa in bladder
rugae
98
which muscle forcibly expels urine?
detrusor
99
internal urethral sphincter
smooth muscle involuntary
100
external urethral sphincter
skeletal muscle volunary just after prostate in males deep perineal pouch of females
101
somatic innervation of urinary bladder and urethral sphincters
pudendal nerve S2-4
102
sympathetic innervation of urinary bladder and urethral sphincters
sympathetic chain relaxation of detrusor and contraction of internal urethral sphincter
103
parasympathetic innervation of urinary bladder and urethral sphincters
pelvic splanchnics S2-S4 contraction of detrusor, relaxation of internal urethral sphincter micturition occurs
104
bladder stretch reflex
sacral micturition centre in sacral spinal cord bladder filling detected and relayed here bladder contraction stimulated inhibited by cerebral cortex in adults consider a lesion above or below the sacral level above - not aware of filling - cannot contract external sphincters - incontinence, bladder automatically empties as it fills below - reflex still functional - reflex disrupted - internal sphincter permanently contracted - pressure in bladder eventually overcomes internal sphincter overflow incontinence or urinary retention
105
flexures of rectum
sacral and anorectal
106
anal sphincters
involuntary smooth muscle internal voluntary external skeletal muscle
107
pectinate line
dentate line divides superior and inferior anal canal superior - endoderm - hindgut - superior rectal artery from inferior mesenteric artery - portal system towards liver - columnar epithelium - internal voluntary sphincter - sympathetic trunk and pelvic splancnics inferior - ectoderm - middle and inferior rectal arteries from internal iliac - drained systemically - stratified squamous - external voluntary sphincter - pudendal nerve
108
haemorrhoids
painless above the pectinate line painful below

Phase 1 flashcards (27 decks)

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